General Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

Mary Whiton Calkins

Back 1

a student of William James. She became a pioneering memory researcher. Became president of the American Psychology Association

Front 2

Margaret Fly Washburn

Back 2

was the first woman to receive a Ph. D in psychology. She studied animal behavior. Wrote the book ANIMAL MIND

Front 3

B.F. Skinner

Back 3

he was a behaviorist. He studied how consequences shape behavior. He rejected introspection

Front 4

Define: Intospection

Back 4

self-examination of one's own mental processes and emotional states

Front 5

Nature-Nurture Issue

Back 5

controversy over whether biological factors or environmental factors shape human behavior and personality

Front 6

Define: Humanistic Psychology

Back 6

this is when personalized methods are used to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

Front 7

Define: Behaviorism

Back 7

studies of behavior without reference to mental processes. (they only care about one's actions, not their thoughts)

Front 8

Biopsychosocial approach

Back 8

considers the influences of biological, psychological and social-cultural factors

Front 9

Hindsight Bias tendency

Back 9

to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would (or should have) foreseen it.

Front 10

Hindsight and _______ tend to be paired together to produce over estimation of our intuition

Back 10

Over-Confidence

Front 11

Good theories are explained by:

Back 11

1. organizing and linking observed facts
2. implying hypotheses that offer testable results and applications

Front 12

Psychology is:

Back 12

the scientific study of human and animal behaviors and mental processes.

Front 13

What are the four goals of psychology?

Back 13

1. description
2. understanding
3. prediction
4. control

Front 14

Who established the first modern psychological laboratory in Germany in 1879?

Back 14

Wilhem Wundt

Front 15

What did Wihlem Wundt focus on in his laboratory?

Back 15

Introspection(self observation)

Front 16

What are the four schools of thought?

Back 16

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis

Front 17

What two schools of thought are used still today?

Back 17

Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis

Front 18

School of Thought:Structuralism
Name to know:
Goals:
Methods:

Back 18

Name to know: Wilhem Wundt
Goals:Study conscious experience and its structure
Methods:introspection and experiments

Front 19

School of Thought:Functionalism
Name to know:
Goals:
Methods:

Back 19

Name to know:William James
Goals: to study the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to the environment
Methods: naturalistic observation of animal and human behavior

Front 20

School of Thought:Behaviorism
Name to know:
Goals:
Methods:

Back 20

School of Thought:Behaviorism
Name to know: J.B. Watson
Goals: to study only observable behavior and explain behavior via learning principles
Methods:observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses

Front 21

School of Thought: Psychoanalysis
Name to know:
Goals:
Methods:

Back 21

School of Thought: Psychoanalysis
Name to know: Sigmund Freud
Goals:study of individual cases
Methods:

Front 22

What type of Research Method is this? Detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or on formal psychological testing

Back 22

Case study

Front 23

What type of Research Method is this? Researcher observes, measures, and records behavior taking care to aviod intruding on the people being observed.

Back 23

Observational studies

Front 24

What type of Research Method is this? Procedures for measuring and evaluating personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilities and values

Back 24

Psychological test

Front 25

What are the three guidelines for having a good Psychological test?

Back 25

1. Standardized: uniform procedures, norms for a large population
2. Reliable: must produce same result more than once
3. Valid: must measure what it sets out to measure

Front 26

What type of Research Method is this? Questionnaires and interviews that gather information by asking people directly about their experiences attitudes or opinions.

Back 26

Surveys

Front 27

What type of Research Method is this? Measuring the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, no manipulation of variables, just measuring and observing

Back 27

Correlation

Front 28

What is important to remember about Correlation?

Back 28

Correlation Does Not Prove Causation!

Front 29

What type of Research Method is this? Allows the researcher to control, or manipulate the peoples' behavior and observe what happens

Back 29

Experimentation

Front 30

What are the two categories research can be placed in?

Back 30

Basic-for the sake of knowledge
and
Applied-focuses on solving particular practical problems