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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
General pathology is?
basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli
System (special) pathology) is?
specific reactions of specialized organs and tissues.
Pathology provides an understanding of?
disease process
causes
mechanisms (pathogenesis)
manifestations (S&S)
sequelae
Path constitutes the???
scientific basis for proper diagnosis and treatment needed for healthcare providers
SUBDIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY
SUBDIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY
Histopathology is?
diagnosis of disease thru tissue examination
Cytopathology is?
diagnosis of disease thru examination of seperated cells
Chemical pathology?
study of disease regarding biochemical changes in tissue & body fluids
Forensic Pathology?
application of pathology to legal purposes
toxicology is?
Study of poisons and their effects
Hematology path is?
study of disorders of blood cells and coagulation proteins
immunology path is?
study of immune response in diseases (specific defense mechanisms of the body)
microbiology path is?
study of infectious diseases and responsible agents
genetics path is?
study of an
Disease equation is?
harmful agent + body's rxn = disease
disease ---> Pathology----> Clinical practice ...
describe the three..
disease: due to variation outside normal range
pathology: etiology, clin picture, pathogenesis, progression
Clinical practice: diagnosis, prognosis, prevention
Important broad groups of disease
Important broad groups of disease
name the three groups and describe.
1. Inflammatory- incl infections
2. degenerative (excl aging)
3. neoplastic- (new mass)- tumors
Making Diagnosis-

what is the process?
HX----D.D.---P.E.---investigate
what are the questions you should ask when making diagnosis?
1. which organ or body system?
2. which category of disease (from S&S)
3. using age, gender, past Hx----compute D.D.
4. investigate only if: resolve Dx, or affect Px
What are the four Diagnostic pathology?
1. biopsy
2. cytology
3. Blood
4. secretion & excretion
Biopsy is?
examination of tissue samples from living patients
what are 4 types of biopsy?
1. needle biopsy-- wide pored cutting needle
2. incisional biopsy-surgical
3. endoscopy- visually guided
4. excision
Cytology is?
examination of scattered cells
what are the 4 types of cytology?
1. fluid cytology- pleural effusion
2. washing cytology- bronchial washing
3. fine needle- aspiration solid tissue
4. exfoliative cytology- scraped or brushed cells
diagnostic pathology- Blood, what are three types?
1. blood cells- qualitative or quantitative changes
2. plasma- coagulation disorders
3. serum- (has everything in blood xcept coag factor)- proteins, enzymes, biochem
the major characteristics applied for study of diseases include?
1. definition
2. incidence: occurence(gender, age)
3. etiology (cause)
4. pathogenesis
5. clinical features aka S&S
6. pathological lesion - result of disease
7. complications- acute chronic conditions
8. prognosis
DEFINITION-
Pathognomonic abnormality is?
abnormality restricted to a single disease OF DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE
Syndrome is?
disease characterized by MULTIPLE FINDINGS- cobo of lesions, and S&S
Prognosis is?
forecast of the PROBABLE OUTCOME of a disease
DISEASE NOMENCLATURE
DISEASE NOMENCLATURE
Primary etiology?

Secondary etiology?
disease w/o EVIDENT CAUSE

disease SECONDARY to or COMPLICATION of some underlying cause ex; hypertension 2nd to renal artery stenosis
Primary- re tumors?

Secondary- re tumors?
INITIAL site

tumor cells that DISSEMINATE producing secondary lesions in distant sites
Acute and Chronic describe course of disease.
Acute is?
Chronic is?
Subacute is?
1. RAPID onset and SHORT course
2. INSIDIOUS "GRADUAL" onset and PROLONGED course
3. BETWEEN acute and chronic
Benign and malignant, describe tumors.
Benign is?
Malignant?
1. remain LOCALIZED, rarely fatal
2. invade and SPREAD from original site, commonly fatal
PREFIXES-
Hyper
Hypo
Meta
hyper- ABOVE normal
Hypo- BELOW normal
meta- CHANGE from one state to another
SUFFIXES-
1. itis
2. Oma
3. Oid
4. Plasia
5. Osis
6. Opathy
1. inflammation
2. swelling- tumor e.g. fibroma
3. Resembling- e.g. rheumatoid dis
4. disorder of growth --- neoplasia
5. state, condition, process
6. abnormality, lacking specific characteristics
eponymous names are?
diseases named after a person or place
iatrogenic disease
disease induced by health care providers words or actions