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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Greater and Lesser pelvis is divided by
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pelvic brim
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Pelvic Inlet (pelvic brim)
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Anteriorly- Public Crest
Laterally- Iliopectineal Line Posteriorly- Sacral Alae and Sacral Promontory |
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Pelvic Outlet
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Posteriorly - Coccyx
Laterally- Ischiopubic rami Ischial Tuberosities Sacrotuberous Ligament Anteriorly- Pubic Arch |
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Pelvic Cavity
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space between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
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Boudaries of the False (Greater) Pelvis
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Anteriorly- lower anterior ab wall
Laterally- Iliac Fossae Iliacus muscle Posteriorly - Lumbar Vertebra |
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ASIS and upper Margin of Pubic Symphysis lie in
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the same Vertical Plane
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Tip of the coccyx and upper margin of pubic symphysis lie in
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the same horizontal plane
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Urogenital Triangle lies in what plane
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transverse (axial) plane
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Anal Triangle lies in what plan
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coronal (veritcal) plane
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Synovial plane joint between the auricular surface of the sacrum and iliac bones
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Sacroiliac Joint
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Fibrocartilage between pubic bones
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Pubic Symphysis
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Cartilaginous between bodies of last sacral and first coccygeal vertebrae
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Sacrococcygeal Joint
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Ligament?
L5 transverse processes to Iliac crest |
Iliolumbar ligament
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Ligament?
lateral margin of the sacrum to ischial tuberosity and forms the lesser sciatic forament with sacrospinous ligament |
Sacrotuberous Ligament
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Ligament?
Anterior Surface of the sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine - forms greater sciatic foramen |
Sacrospinous Ligament
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Function of Iliolumbar ligament
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limit the rotation of LV5 on the sacrum and assist the articular processes in preventing anterior gliding of LV5 on the sacrum
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function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospionous ligament
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PREVENT the sacrum from being pushed inferiorly and the pelvis rotated anteriorly
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Female Pelvis depth?
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Shallower than Males
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Female Vs Male Pelvis shape of pelvic inlet?
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Oval in females
heart-shaped males |
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Female Pelvis size of outlet
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larger in females
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Female Pelvis
size of pelvic cavity |
roomier
shorter inlet: outlet distance |
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Female Pelvis
ischial tuberosities |
Everted
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Female sacrum comparied to males
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shorter, wider and flatter in female
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Female Pubic Arch
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rounder and wider
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Anterior Pelvic Wall made up of
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pubic bone, pubic rami and symphysis pubis
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Posterior Pelvic Wall made up of
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Sacrum/coccyx
Piriforms Pelvic Fascia |
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Lateral Pelvic Wall made up of
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Hip Bone
Obturator Membrane Obturator Internus and fascia Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament |
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Inferior/ pelvic floor is formed by
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the muscular pelvic diaphragm
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Piriformis Muscle
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-exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic forament
-inserts on the greater trochanter of femur |
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Piriformis Muscle innervated by
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nerve to the piriformis
from anterior rami of S1 and S2 |
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Piriformis Muscle Action
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Lateral Rotator of hip joint
Abducts thigh |
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Obturator Internus Muscle
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- Obturator membrane and adjacent bone
- Muscle fibers converse on a tendon that leaves the pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen -inserts on greater trochanter of femur |
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Obturator Internus Muscle innervation
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Nerve to the Obturator Internus
from anterior rami of L5 and S1 (S2) |
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Obturator Internus Muscle Action
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Lateral rotator of thigh
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Pelvic Diaphragm consists of
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Levator Ani and (Ischio-)coccygeal muscles and their fasciae
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Tendinous Arch is formed by
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a thickening of the pelvic fascia covering the obturator internus muscle
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Levator Ani Muscles
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-Iliococcygeus Muscle
-Pubococcygeus Muscle -Puborectalis Muscle -Levator Prostatae/ sphincter vaginae |
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Iliococcygeus Muscle
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takes origin from the tendinous arch to raphe between anal canal and coccyx
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Pubococcygrus Muscle
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pubis to vagina/prostate, anorectal junction to perinal body
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Puborectalis Muscle
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-part of external anal sphincter from pubis to junction of anus and rectum
-thicker, inferomedial part of the levator ani muscle |
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Levator Prostatae / Sphincter Vaginae
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anterior fibers; insert and support/stabilize the perineal body
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Forms a U-shaped muscular sling that passes posterior to the anorectal junction
and responsible for the anorectal flexure and plays a major role in maintaining fecal continence |
Puborectalis Muscle
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Forms an efficient muscular sling that supports and maintains pelvic viscera in place
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Levator Ani Muscle
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Resists increase intrapelvic pressure during straining and expulsive efforts of the abdominal muscle (as in caughing)
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Levator Ani Muscle
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Important sphincter action on the anorectal junction also serves as a sphincter of the vagina in females
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Levator Ani Muscle
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Levator Ani is innervated by
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nerve to levator ani
(perineal branch of S4) |
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(Ischio-)Coccygeus Muscle
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small triangular muscle arising from the ischial spine and insert into the sacrum and coccyx
-covered inferiorly by the sacrospinous ligament |
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Action of Coccygeus Muscle
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assists the levatore ani muscles in supporting the pelvic viscera
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Coccygeus Muscle is innervated by
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branches of S4 and S5
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within the upper part of the transverse cervical ligament the uterine artery....
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passes toward the cervix above the uterus
(an important surgical relationship during a hysterectomy) |
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Arteries of the Pelvis
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Internal Iliac Artery
Superior Rectal Artery Median Sacral Artery Ovarian/Testicular Artery |
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Anterior Division of the Internal Illiac Artery
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- Obturator Artery
- Umbilical Artery - Uterine Artery - Vaginal Artery - Inferior Vesical Artery - Middle Rectal Artery - Internal Pudendal Artery - Inferior Gluteal Artery |
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Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery
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- Iliolumbar Artery
- Lateral Sacral Artery - Superior Gluteal Artery |
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What artery?
leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis muscle |
Superior Gluteal Artery
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What artery?
is anterior to sacral plexus |
Lateral Sacral Artery
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What artery?
Passes superiorly across pelvic inlet |
Iliolumbar Artery
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What artery?
is below the piriformis |
Inferior Glutal artery
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What artery?
a base of urinary bladder, prostate and seminal vesicle (male) and is absent in female |
Inferior Vesical Artery
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What artery?
vagina and base of bladder and replaces inferior vesical artery |
Vaginal Artery
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What artery?
crosses ureter anteriorly and anastomoses with vaginal and ovrian arteries |
Uterine Artery
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What artery?
into obturator canal |
Obturator Artery
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Proximal part of the umbilical artery gives rise to
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Superior Vesical Artery
-to supply upper part of the urinary bladder |
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distal obliterated part of the umbilical artery becomes
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Medial Umbilical Ligament
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What artery arises from abdominal aorta at level of LV1
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Ovarian/Testicular Artery
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What artery is at the bifurcation of the aorta into 2 common iliac arteries at LV4
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Median Sacral Artery
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What artery is a sirect continuation of hte inferior mesenteric artery
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Superior Rectal Artery
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Provides a pathway for pelvic cancer metastasize to the spinal cord and brain
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Vertebral Venous Plexus
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Lymph drainage from the pelvis is primarily to the:
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- External and Internal Iliac Nodes
- Common Iliac Nodes |
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Normal Posistion of the uterus
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Anteverted and Anteflexed
-places body of the uterus above the bladder |
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Retroverted Uterus is more
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prone to prolapse
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Angle of antflexion
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between body of uterus to cervix
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Angle of anteversion
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between axes of cervix of vagina
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main passive support of the uterus
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transverse cardinal ligament
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Vesicouterine Pouch
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bladder and uterus
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Rectouterine Pouch
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-Rectum and Uterus
-lowest point in the peritoneal cavity in females -Site for accumulation of pathological fluids |
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Ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus are remnants of
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gubernaculum
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Transverse Cervical and Uteroscaral ligaments are condensations of
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Endopelvic fascia
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