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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where was J.S Bach Born?
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Germany
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Name Bach's contemporaries?
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Handel , Telemann, Scarlatti
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What period was Bach compositions known for?
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Baroque
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Name some other compositions from Bach
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For the Clavichord/Harpsichord: 6 Partitas, 6 French suites, 6 English suites and 'the well tempered clavier'
For church music: over 200 cantatas Wrote orchestral music as well |
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What year was J.S Bach born and what year did he die?
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1685 - 1750
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Give a brief description of Bach's life
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-a significant organist
-at 23 was appointed to count organist -was a member of the court orchestra and composed many organ works as well as cantatas. -at 32 he became conductor of the court orchestra pf Prince Leopold -wrote specifically for the 18 members. -He died at the age of 65 |
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What is the style of Bach?
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-supreme master of counterpoint
-highly complex -harmony is clearly tonal -technique is contrapuntal -monothematic (having one main theme throughout) |
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What was Bach's historical position?
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-appreciated for his briliiant organ playing and improvising skills.
-in the classical period his works were considered old fashioned and simple -however it was in the 19th century that composers like Mendelssohn took interest and his compositions were known as the 'corner stones' of western music |
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The 'prelude' and 'fugue' were part of what compilation?
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The Well-tempered Clavier
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What was the Well-Tempered Clavier?
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A compilation of 24 preludes and fugues, one in each major and minor key (12 +12)
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What was the Well-Tempered Clavier written for?
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Bach's students
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What does BMV stand for?
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The cataloging of Bach's works made by Wolfgang Schmeider
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What is a prelude?
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A short introductory piece more commonly in binary form
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What is a fugue?
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A polyphonic (2 melodic lines weaving at the same time, also known as contrapuntal) composition, this one written for four voices based in a central theme (the subject). Fugue means flight in Italian.
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A Fugue is usually divided into three section namely:
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Exposition, Modulatory and Recapitulation
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The subject of a Fugue is presented in the
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Exposition
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Define an answer and real answer
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-an answer is when the theme is transposed to a dominant key (5th above or 4th below)
-a real answer is when the subject is exactly transposed. |
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What is an incomplete answer?
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An exact transposition of the subject but has been altered slightly
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What is the second section of the fugue?.
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Modulatory section
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Will the modulatory section of a fugue contain modulations of the answer into other keys other than the tonic and dominant?
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Yes
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Name the three devices used in the modulatory section of a fugue
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Episode- where the subject is absent
Stretto - where two subject lines overlap Inversion - |
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The final section of the Fugue is known as the
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Recapitulation
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In the fugue, the coda is mainly built on...
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a figure derived from the ascending figure of the opening
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Some characteristics of the 'Well tempered Clavier' are:
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-counterpoint/contrapuntal
-strong, constant rhythmic pulse -imitation and sequence -monothematic style - long phrases based on broken chords and scales modulations to closely related keys |
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What form was the Prelude?
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Binary
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What form was the Fugue?
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Sonata
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How many voices are there in a fugue? What are they?
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Four:
Bass, Tenor, Alto and Treble |
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What is the main tonality of the fugue?
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C major
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What type of fugue is the fugue?
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Real fugue
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Where was Mozart Born?
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Austria
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Name Mozart's contemporaries?
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Haydn, Bach
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What period was Mozart's compositions known for?
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Classical
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Name some other compositions from Mozart
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For piano: 21 Concertos, 18 Sonatas and many minuets and dances
41 symphonies, 16 operas and many chamber music |
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What year was Mozart born and what year did he die?
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1756-1820
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Give a brief description of Mozart's life
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Extremely talented youth. Father was Leopold. began composing at the age of 5. At the age of 25 he moved to Vienna in attempt to find patronage. He could write compositions quickly. However he was in poverty and died at the age of 35
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What is the style of Mozart?
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-light, elegant and graceful
-Balanced and clarity of form -contrasts in volume / crescendo and diminuendo |
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Why is the Rondo title Rondo?
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Because the main theme returns many times throughout the piece.
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What is the time signature of the Rondo piece?
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2/2 - Alla breve - C with a cut through it. meaning 2 minum beats to a bar
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What is the main tonality of the Rondo?
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F major
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Name the three parts to the Rondo
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Exposition, Development and Recapitulation
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Where was Schubert Born?
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Austria
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Name Schubert's contemporaries?
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Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
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What period was Schubert's compositions known for?
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Classical
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Name some other compositions from Schubert
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Wrote over 600 songs, 9 orchestral symphonies, 15 string quartets and 21 piano sonatas including impromtus and dances
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What year was Schubert born and what year did he die?
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1797-1828
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Give a brief description of Schubert's life
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Born in Vienna in 1797 he was brought up into a musical family. He played mainly the strings but did not recieve and income by giving public concerts. until he was 21 he had to work as a school teacher. After then he composed rapidly until he died at 31.
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What is the style of Schubert?
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-began with classical tradition but adopted a more romantic style.
-beautiful, effortlessly flowing melodies -powerful emotions -intimate personally expressive character -lyrical melodies -colourful harmonies -unexpected modulations -simple structure |
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What was the Moments Musicaux?
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A set of six short, lyrical pieces for piano given by Schubert's publisher
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What form was the moment musicaux?
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Extended ternery
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What is the main tonality of the moments musicaux?
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A flat major
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Name the main modulations in the Moments Musicaux
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Mainly F# minor, which was the 'B' section
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Describe the time signature of the moments musicaux
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9/8 - meaning compound triple time, three dotted crotchets to a bar
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Where was Debussy Born?
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France
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Name Debussy contemporaries?
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Ravel, Bartok
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What period was Debussy compositions known for?
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Impressionist
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Name some other compositions from Debussy
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An opera, orchestral music including 'nocturnes' and 'la mer', piano music including ' Children's corner, 'preludes and etudes'.
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What year was JDebussy born and what year did he die?
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1862-1918
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Give a brief description of Debussy's life
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One of the most significant figures in 20th century European music. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire and Rome. He briefly became obsessed with Wagner's music, but then completely rejected it and wanting to produce music with a more 'french' style.
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What is the style of Debussy?
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-use of 'modal' scales
-use of 'whole tone' and 'pentatonic' scales -Use of 'pedal-points' and 'ostinati' -parallel movement of chords -colourful sounds -has an affinity with two other genres, the impressionist painters and the symbolist writers. -mainly suggesting rather than depicting. -exotic sounds |
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What is the main tonality of footprints in the snow??
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D minor
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What was the form of footprints in the snow?
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-mainly built of (ABCDE)
-ABCDAECEA |
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The Baroque period was a time of:
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Magnificence and splendor
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The Baroque Period style had
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contrasts and the use of terraced dynamics
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The melodies of the Baroque period were
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long, flowing lines with ornaments.
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The music of the Baroque period had
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one mood throughout the piece. Much of the music was spectacular and grand
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The Classical period style is
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elegant, refine and graceful
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Classical music had
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blanace, and clarity of form. Emotional restraint. More variety and contrast within a piece.
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The Impressionist Period mainly were
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delicate and misty, descriptive pieces involving water
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The Baroque Period was between
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1600-1750
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The Classical Period was between
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1750-1820
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The Impressionist Period was between
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1890-1918
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Monophonic texture is
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a single melodic line without supporting harmonies
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Polyphonic texture is
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two or more melodic lines weaving along at the same time (contrapuntal texture), the technical term is called counterpoint
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Homophonic texture is
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a single melody accompanied by chords
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The Baroque period was mainly what texture?
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polyphonic texture
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The Classical period was mainly what texture?
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homophonic texture
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Name the four parts of the exposition in the fugue
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-Subject in Alto
-Real Answer in Treble (G major) -Answer in Tenor (G major) -Subject in Bass (C major) |
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What does in-stretto mean?
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when a subject and answer are not heard seperatley but very close together.
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