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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Hypertension Goal Ranges

<140/90 if under 60 years, diabetic, or CKD


<150/90 for over 60+

Cardioselective Beta Blockers

Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Nebevolol

ACE-I

Contraindicated in pregnancy


Angioedema


Cough


Hyperkalmeia

Thiazides

Hypercalcemia


Hypokalemia


Hyponatremia


Photosensitivity


Sulfa Allergies

CCB (dihydro vs non-dhp)

Dihydropyridines -pine suffixes


Non- Verapamil, Diltiazem

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide


Increase Na and K excretion in ascending loop


Hypocalcemia


Avoid with aminoglycosides due to ototoxicity

3A4 Metabolized Statins

Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Atorvastatin (less)

Fibrates

Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate



Lower triglycerides, raise HDL


Increased risk for muscle AE with statins


Dyspepsia

Niacin

Vitamin B3



Good at raising HDL and lowering Triglycerides


Give with food


Premedicate with aspirin for flushing


GI AE common


Hepatotoxicity?

Ezetimibe

Zetia



Inhibits cholesterol absorption

Cholestyramine

Bile Acid Sequestrant



lowers LDL


Take within 30 minutes of meal


May cause bleeding problems


Separate from other drugs

Colestipol

Bild Acid sequestrant



lowers LDL


Take within 30 minutes of meal


May cause bleeding problems


Separate from other drugs

Colesevelam

Welchol


Bile Acid Sequestrant

tPA contraindications

Previous ICH, Blood pressure >185/110, Therapeutic INR

Drugs to start after stroke

ACE/ARB/Diurectic



Statin (Atorva 80/Crestor 20-40)



Glucose Control



Antiplatelet (aspirin typically)

Heart Failure Required Drugs

ACE/ARB


BB (bisoprolol, metoprolol succincate, carvedilol)



Statin if history of CV event



BP control



Diuretics if evidence of fluid overload



Maybe aldosterone receptor antagonist (Creatinine <2.5 in men, <2.0 in women and K less than 5 mEq/L)



Anticoag if HF+AF+Other CV Risk factor

Fluticasone

Flonase


Inhaled Corticosteroid


Swish and spit

Budesonide

Pulmicort


Inhaled Corticosteroid


Swish and spit

Mometasone

Asmanex


Inhaled Corticosteroid


Swish and spit

Beclamethasone

QVAR


Inhaled Corticosteroid


Swish and Spit

Salmeterol

Serovent


LABA

Formoterol

Foradil


LABA

Advair

Fluticasone + Salmeterol

Symbicort

Budesonide + Formoterol

Dulera

Mometasone + Formoterol

Tiotropium

Spiriva


Long Acting Anticholinergic


Once Daily

Aclidinium

Tudorza


Long Acting Anticholinergic


Twice Daily

Umeclidinium + Vilanterol

Anoro Ellipta


Long active Anticholinergic

Pseudomonas Active Cephalosporins

Cefepime + Ceftazidime

UTI Treatment

Nitrofurantoin 100 mg bid x 5 days



Bactrim DS (160/800) bid x 3 days



Cipro 250 bid x 3 days/ Levo 250 once daily x 3 days

CAP Treatment

Outpatient, no risk factors:


Macrolide OR Doxycycline



Outpatient, MDR risk factors:


Respiratory FQ OR (B-Lactam + Macrolide)


- High dose amoxicillin 1 g tid


- Augmentin 2 g bid




Inpatient, non-ICU:


Same as above



Inpatient ICU:


B-Lactam + (Azithromycin OR FQ)


- Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone or Unasyn

HAP Treatment

No risk factors and first 4 days of hospitalization:


Ceftriaxone OR Levo/Moxi/Cipro OR Unasyn OR ertapenem



Late onset or risk factors for MDR:


(Cefepime OR Ceftazidime OR imipenem OR zosyn)


AND (Cipro or Levo or AG)


AND (Vanco or Linezolid)

Metformin

Weight Neutral


Lactic Acidosis


C/I with renal insufficiency


Hold metformin if receiving contrast for 2-3 days

Glipizide

Glucotrol


Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue



Shortest acting and fewest AE


Hypoglycemia and weight gain


Glyburide

Diabeta/Micronase


Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue



Hypoglycemia and Weight Gain

Glimepiride

Amaryl


Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue



Hypoglycemia and Weight Gain

Pioglitazone

Actos


Thiazolidenone - Increase insulin sensitivity



Weight gain, fluid retention, hypoglycemia



More expensive than sulfonylureas

Rosiglitazone

Avandia


Thiazolidenone - Increase insulin sensitivity



Concern for serious CV toxicity


Weight gain, fluid retention, hypoglycemia



More expensive than sulfonylureas

Repaglinide

Prandin


Meglitinide - Secretagogue



Short acting, similar to sulfonylureas, but safe in sulfa allergy



More expensive than sulfonylureas

Nateglinide

Starlix


Meglitinide - Secretagogue



Short acting, similar to sulfonylureas, but safe in sulfa allergy



More expensive than sulfonylureas

Sitagliptin

Januvia


DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces glucagon via incretin



Not potent, expensive


Weight neutral

Saxagliptin

Onglyza


DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces Glucagon via incretin



Not potent, expensive


Weight Neutral

Linagliptin

Tradjenta


DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces Glucagon via incretin



Not potent, expensive


Weight Neutral

Alogliptin

Nesina


DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces glucagon via incretin



Not potent, expensive


Weight Neutral

Exenatide

Byetta (bid), Bydureon (once weekly)


GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue



SubQ

Liraglutide

Victoza


GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue



SubQ Once daily

Albiglutide

Tanzeum


GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue



SubQ bi or once weekly?

Acarbose

Precose


Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor - Prevents breakdown of carbohydrates, leading to less glucose absorption



Flatulence and Diarrhea

Miglitol

Glyset


Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor - Prevents breakdown of carbohydrates, leading to less glucose absorption



Flatulence and Diarrhea

Dapagliflozin

Farxiga


SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption



Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare



Not potent

Canagliflozin

Invokana


SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption



Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare



Not Potent

Empagliflozin

Jardiance


SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption



Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare



Not Potent

Lispro

Humalog


Fast-Acting

Aspart

Novolog


Fast-Acting

Glulisine

Apidra


Fast-Acting

Regular

Relatively fast-acting

NPH

Relatively long-lasting

Glargine

Lantus


Long-lasting

Detemir

Levemir


Long-Lasting