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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hypertension Goal Ranges |
<140/90 if under 60 years, diabetic, or CKD <150/90 for over 60+ |
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Cardioselective Beta Blockers |
Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Nebevolol |
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ACE-I |
Contraindicated in pregnancy Angioedema Cough Hyperkalmeia |
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Thiazides |
Hypercalcemia Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Photosensitivity Sulfa Allergies |
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CCB (dihydro vs non-dhp) |
Dihydropyridines -pine suffixes Non- Verapamil, Diltiazem |
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Loop Diuretics |
Furosemide Increase Na and K excretion in ascending loop Hypocalcemia Avoid with aminoglycosides due to ototoxicity |
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3A4 Metabolized Statins |
Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Atorvastatin (less) |
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Fibrates |
Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate
Lower triglycerides, raise HDL Increased risk for muscle AE with statins Dyspepsia |
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Niacin |
Vitamin B3
Give with food Premedicate with aspirin for flushing GI AE common Hepatotoxicity? |
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Ezetimibe |
Zetia
Inhibits cholesterol absorption |
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Cholestyramine |
Bile Acid Sequestrant
Take within 30 minutes of meal May cause bleeding problems Separate from other drugs |
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Colestipol |
Bild Acid sequestrant
lowers LDL Take within 30 minutes of meal May cause bleeding problems Separate from other drugs |
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Colesevelam |
Welchol Bile Acid Sequestrant |
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tPA contraindications |
Previous ICH, Blood pressure >185/110, Therapeutic INR |
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Drugs to start after stroke |
ACE/ARB/Diurectic
Glucose Control
|
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Heart Failure Required Drugs |
ACE/ARB BB (bisoprolol, metoprolol succincate, carvedilol)
Statin if history of CV event
BP control
Diuretics if evidence of fluid overload
Maybe aldosterone receptor antagonist (Creatinine <2.5 in men, <2.0 in women and K less than 5 mEq/L)
Anticoag if HF+AF+Other CV Risk factor |
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Fluticasone |
Flonase Inhaled Corticosteroid Swish and spit |
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Budesonide |
Pulmicort Inhaled Corticosteroid Swish and spit |
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Mometasone |
Asmanex Inhaled Corticosteroid Swish and spit |
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Beclamethasone |
QVAR Inhaled Corticosteroid Swish and Spit |
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Salmeterol |
Serovent LABA |
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Formoterol |
Foradil LABA |
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Advair |
Fluticasone + Salmeterol |
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Symbicort |
Budesonide + Formoterol |
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Dulera |
Mometasone + Formoterol |
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Tiotropium |
Spiriva Long Acting Anticholinergic Once Daily |
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Aclidinium |
Tudorza Long Acting Anticholinergic Twice Daily |
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Umeclidinium + Vilanterol |
Anoro Ellipta Long active Anticholinergic |
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Pseudomonas Active Cephalosporins |
Cefepime + Ceftazidime |
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UTI Treatment |
Nitrofurantoin 100 mg bid x 5 days
Bactrim DS (160/800) bid x 3 days
Cipro 250 bid x 3 days/ Levo 250 once daily x 3 days |
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CAP Treatment |
Outpatient, no risk factors: Macrolide OR Doxycycline
Outpatient, MDR risk factors: Respiratory FQ OR (B-Lactam + Macrolide) - High dose amoxicillin 1 g tid - Augmentin 2 g bid
Inpatient, non-ICU: Same as above
Inpatient ICU: B-Lactam + (Azithromycin OR FQ) - Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone or Unasyn |
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HAP Treatment |
No risk factors and first 4 days of hospitalization: Ceftriaxone OR Levo/Moxi/Cipro OR Unasyn OR ertapenem
Late onset or risk factors for MDR: (Cefepime OR Ceftazidime OR imipenem OR zosyn) AND (Cipro or Levo or AG) AND (Vanco or Linezolid) |
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Metformin |
Weight Neutral Lactic Acidosis C/I with renal insufficiency Hold metformin if receiving contrast for 2-3 days |
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Glipizide |
Glucotrol Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue
Shortest acting and fewest AE Hypoglycemia and weight gain
|
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Glyburide |
Diabeta/Micronase Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue
Hypoglycemia and Weight Gain |
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Glimepiride |
Amaryl Sulfonylurea - Secretagogue
Hypoglycemia and Weight Gain |
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Pioglitazone |
Actos Thiazolidenone - Increase insulin sensitivity
Weight gain, fluid retention, hypoglycemia
More expensive than sulfonylureas |
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Rosiglitazone |
Avandia Thiazolidenone - Increase insulin sensitivity
Concern for serious CV toxicity Weight gain, fluid retention, hypoglycemia
More expensive than sulfonylureas |
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Repaglinide |
Prandin Meglitinide - Secretagogue
Short acting, similar to sulfonylureas, but safe in sulfa allergy
More expensive than sulfonylureas |
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Nateglinide |
Starlix Meglitinide - Secretagogue
Short acting, similar to sulfonylureas, but safe in sulfa allergy
More expensive than sulfonylureas |
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Sitagliptin |
Januvia DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces glucagon via incretin
Not potent, expensive Weight neutral |
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Saxagliptin |
Onglyza DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces Glucagon via incretin
Not potent, expensive Weight Neutral |
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Linagliptin |
Tradjenta DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces Glucagon via incretin
Not potent, expensive Weight Neutral |
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Alogliptin |
Nesina DPP-4 Inhibitor - Reduces glucagon via incretin
Not potent, expensive Weight Neutral |
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Exenatide |
Byetta (bid), Bydureon (once weekly) GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue
SubQ |
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Liraglutide |
Victoza GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue
|
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Albiglutide |
Tanzeum GLP-1 Agonist - Secretagogue
SubQ bi or once weekly? |
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Acarbose |
Precose Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor - Prevents breakdown of carbohydrates, leading to less glucose absorption
Flatulence and Diarrhea |
|
Miglitol |
Glyset Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor - Prevents breakdown of carbohydrates, leading to less glucose absorption
Flatulence and Diarrhea |
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Dapagliflozin |
Farxiga SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption
Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare
|
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Canagliflozin |
Invokana SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption
Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare
Not Potent |
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Empagliflozin |
Jardiance SGLT-2 Inhibitor - Inhibits glucose reabsorption
Weight negative, Hypoglycemia Rare
Not Potent |
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Lispro |
Humalog Fast-Acting |
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Aspart |
Novolog Fast-Acting |
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Glulisine |
Apidra Fast-Acting |
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Regular |
Relatively fast-acting |
|
NPH |
Relatively long-lasting |
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Glargine |
Lantus Long-lasting |
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Detemir |
Levemir Long-Lasting |