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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is glaucoma
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optic neurapthy that can cause blindness
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what is the most common cause for glaucoma
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primary open angle galucoma
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what are the risk factors for open angle glaucoma
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increased IOP
race-black age fam Hx |
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what are some early signs of primary open angle glaucoma
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decreased peripheral vision or blind spots, seeing halos around lights, or having difficulty adapting to darkness.
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what does fundoscopic exam shows in pt with primary open angle glaucoma
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thinning of the optic disc rim, with an increased cup-to-disc ratio, and abnormalities in the retinal nerve-fiber layer.
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what can prevent primary open angle glaucoma
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decreasing IOP
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what are possible treatments for primary open angle glaucoma
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prostaglandin analogues and cholinergic agonists,) increase outflow
decrease aqueous production (α-adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors\ and β-blockers), laser trabeculoplasty and surgical trabeculectomy increase aqueous outflow |
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what are the signs and sx of acute closed angle glaucoma
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eye pain, headache, blurry vision, and, occasionally, nausea and vomiting
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what are the signs of acute closed angle glaucoma
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the eye is red, the pupil may be dilated and poorly reactive to light, the cornea is hazy, and IOP is elevated.
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what is hyperacute conjunctivitis
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abrupt onset is usually associated with a gonococcal infection in sexually active adolescents or adults.
requires topical and systemic antibiotics |
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what is inclusion conjunctivits
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caused by chlamydia
needs oral abx have a preauricular node a prominnent plz treat with tetracycline, erythromycin, or doxycycline for 14 days Sexual partners also need txt |
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what is episcleritis
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chronic, recurrent, and self-limited condition causing inflammation of the episcleral vessels
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In what dz you would see episcleritis
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collagen vascular disorders, granulomatous disease, metabolic disorders, and infectious agents
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what is uveitis
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inflammation of the iris (iritis), ciliary body (cyclitis), and choroids (choroiditis)
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how does uvetiis present
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acute red eye, pain, photophobia, and blurred vision in the involved eye. The pupil is constricted and may be irregular or sluggish to light in these patients
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bacterial keratitis
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Mucopurulent discharge; punctuate corneal lesions; positive fluorescein staining
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vitreous hemm
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Commonly associated with diabetes or trauma; red reflex and retinal detail obscured with direct ophthalmoscope
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Retinal vein occlusion
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Intraretinal hemorrhages may be diffuse throughout fundus or localized to distribution quadrant of a vein branch
only vision loss noe eye pain or redness |
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Central retinal artery occlusion
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May be preceded by amaurosis fugax, profound vision loss, afferent pupillary defect, pale fundus with “cherry-red spot” in the macula, possible “boxcar” appearance to arteries. Additional management: interim relief of vasospasm by 1) ocular/globe massage with direct pressure for 5 s, and release for 5 s; or 2) increased PCO2 by having patient breathe into a paper bag for 10 min/h
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sweet odor of acetone on breath
osmolal gap but no anion gap abd pain n/v |
isopropyl etoh
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how to do u treat isopropyl etoh
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HD
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toxicity blurriness, blindness
AG Met acidosis osmolal gap |
Methanol
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how do u treat methanol toxicity
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alcohol infusion
HD folic acid |
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calcium oxalate crystals in urine
hypocalcemia anion gap met acidosis |
ethylenel glycol
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how do u treat etheylene glycol toxicity
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alcohol infusion
bicarb for acidosis HD |
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what is the most common lab abnormality seen in Bulemia
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hypokalemia and met alkalosis
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how do u treat anxiety disorder
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SSRI
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autonomic dysfucntion
extrapyramidal sx high fever |
NMS
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what is the drug for NMS
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stop the drug first
bromocriptine, amantadine, Dantrolene |
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SE of prozac
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insomnia
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SE of effexor
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increases BP
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SE of wellbutrin
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less Sexual SE
increases BP seizures |
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what is screening for average risk for colon ca
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yearly fobT
sIGMOIDOSCOPY EVERY 5 years with or wo FOBT Colonscopy every 10 years |
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what are 3 possible reasons for chronic cough
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upper airway cough syndrome
asthma GERD |
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txt for PND, frequent throat clearing, oropharyngeal mucosa with cobble stoning
mucus dripping down oropharynx |
antihistamines-decongestant or intranasal coretecosteroids
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chronic cough wih voluminous sputum production with purulent exacerbations
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bronchiectasis
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what is the txt for bronchiectasis -cough
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chest physiotherapy and txt acute acute exacerbation with antibiotics
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whats is the dx for chronic cough, normal PFT's, normal CXR, negative methacholine challenge test
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eosinophilic bronchitis
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how do u treat eosinophilic bronchitis
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inhaled steroids after sputum inductiona or bronchial washing showing eosinophils
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how do u check for pertussis
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naspharyngeal culture for bordetella pertusis
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what are 3 drugs available for smoking cessation
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nicotine patch /gum
Wellbutrin varenciline |
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what 2 condtiotns we need to avoid wellbutrin
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Sz d/o and eating disorders
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in what conditions we need to avoid varenciline
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renal dz
need to watch out in depression de to SI, and constipation |
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what vitamin supplementation can reduce the frequency of falls
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Vitamin D
Need to check for 25 OH Vitamin D level |
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how do u dx acute prostatis
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tender prostate and positive UA
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how do u treat acute prostatis
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4-6 weeks of abx
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what is the drug therpay for BPH
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alpha blocker and Finesteride
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what work up is recquired for pt who complain of decreased libido
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check total testosterone 1st and the free testosterone
TSH Prolactin |
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what drug can be used for pt who cannot take viagra who have CAD and taking nitrates
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itrauretheral foam or intracavernous alprostadil
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how do u treat young men with epidydimiis
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treat for gonorrhea and chlamydia
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how do u treat older pt with epidydamitis
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oral flouroquinolone
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unilateral and then bilateral purulent dc from eye without pain or visual disturbance
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baterial conjunctivitis
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conjuntivitis associated with herpes zoster rash
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need emergency optho referral
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acute hyperpurulent discharge from eye in young pt
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gonorrhea conjunctivitis
need topical and systemic abx and emergency optho refer |
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giant papillary conjunctivits with itching and watery discahrge
periauricular LAD |
chlamydial conjunctivitis..oral txt with tetracycline,erythromycin or doxycycline
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uinlateral then bilateral conjunctivitis with morning crusting of eye and daytime watery discharge
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viral conjunctivitis
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severe pain, photophobia , ciliary flush
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keratitis
iritis scleratis |
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pain photophobia, inflammation confined to corneal limbus, corneal irregularity, edema
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keratitis
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deep ocular pain, nausea, vomiting, shallow anterior chamber
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acute closed angle glucoma
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sever ocular pain that worsens with eye movment, or light exposure, raised hyperemic lesion that obscures thae underlying structure
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scleritis
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non painful red, flat lesions that allow visualization of underlying vasculature
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episcleritis
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when is zoster vaccine indicated
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> 65 regardless of previous episode of zoster
donot give to immunocompromised pt do not give in pregnancy |
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when is varicella vaccine indicated
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persons greater than 13 years old without previous chicken pox infection
DO NOT give in immunocompromised and Pregnancy |
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presbycusis
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effect of aging
causes b/l neurosensory hearing loss |
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meniere disease
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Recurrent severe attacks of veritgo
assocaited with n/v persistent tinnitus fullness n the ear progressive hearing loss |
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daytime frequency
nocturia bothersome urgency |
urge incontinence
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what is the txt for urge incontinence
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bladder training
oxybutynin, tolterodine |
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whats the txt for stress incontinence
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kegel exxercise
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what is the screening test for AAA
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men between age of 65-75 who have ever smoked get an abd u.s
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what therapy can be used for urogenital atrophy assocaited with menopause
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vaginal mostureizer
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what therapy can be used for pt with intolerable hot fashes
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short course of estrogen replacement
2nd line therapy is SNRI or SSRI |
