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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
diameter of DNA helix looking down from top view
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20 angstroms
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nucleoside
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base plus a sugar
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RNA nucleoside units
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Adenosine
Guanosine Cytidine Uridine |
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DNA nucleosides
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deoxyadenosine
deoxyguanosine deoxycytidine thymidine |
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configuration of glycosidic linkage
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Beta - above plane of sugar
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what is a nucleotide
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nucleoside joined to one or more phosphate groups by ester linkage
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4 nucleotide units in DNA
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deoxyadenylate
deoxyguanylate deoxycytidylate thymidylate |
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what is a nucleotide
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nucleoside joined to one or more phosphate groups by ester linkage
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4 nucleotide units in DNA
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deoxyadenylate
deoxyguanylate deoxycytidylate thymidylate |
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how much space seperates adjacent bases in DNA helix
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3.4 angstroms
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how many angstroms per repeate/turn of helix
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34 angstroms
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how many bases per turn of DNA helix
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10
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definition of a gene
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a region of DNA (sometimes RNA) that encodes a specific biological function
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genome
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total complement of genes in an organism virus or organell
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chromosome
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multiple-DNA molecules
(have more than one gene on them) |
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how many bp in e.coli genome
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5 x 10^6
5,000,000 |
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how many DNA bp in yeast genome
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10 x 10^7
100,000,000 |
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how many DNA bp in human genome
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3 x 10^9
3 billion |
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anomer of sugar in DNA or RNA is always
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beta-furanose
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how are nucleotides usually named
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nucleoside phosphates
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oside's for ADENINE
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RNA: adenosine
DNA: deoxyadenosine |
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nucleoside nomenclature for guanidine
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RNA: guanosine
DNA: deoxyguanosine |
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nucleoside nomenclature for cytosine
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RNA: cytidine
DNA: deoxycytidine |
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ribonucleotide nomenclature for adenine
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RNA: adenylate AMP
DNA: deoxyadenylate dAMP |
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What type of bonds are between bases in the DNA helix
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hydrogen bonds
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what type of symmetry is between base pairs
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pseudosymmetry
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3 different conformations of the DNA Helix:
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ABZ
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why are there A B and Z conformations
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different puckerings of ribose units
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how many bp per turn of
-A DNA -B Dna -Z DNA |
11 -- A is shorter and fatter
10 -- this is normal DNA 12 -- this is longer an thinner |
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what are DNA major/minor grooves important for
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sequence specific recognition
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Supercoiling
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writhing/coiling of the DNA helix
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what helps strands seperate in DNA replication?
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negative supercoiling -- slight underwinding of DNA.
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what takes up more space:
-Supercoiled -Relaxed DNA? |
Relaxed
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essence of semiconservative replication
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parent molecule (2 complementary chains) gives 2 daughter molecules, each containing half of the parent
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What are the 2 models for DNA replication:
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Conservative: parent chain not present in daughter molecule - its brand new
semiconservative - parent donates half of its chain to two duaghters |