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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Odynophagia
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Painful swallowing
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Dysphagia
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Difficulty swallowing
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Flowing dysostosis/calcification T2 - T6 with back pain
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DISH
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Uncoordinated esophageal contractions
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DES
(Diffuse Esophageal Spasm) |
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- Dysphagia to solids and liquids
- Regurgitation of food and halitosis |
Zenker's Diverticulum
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Inflammation of lymph nodes causes what type of diverticula?
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Traction
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Achalasia is associated with what?
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Esophageal stricture
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Apple core appearance is caused by what?
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Neoplasia/tumor
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1° risk factor for squamous cell esophageal cancer
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Smoking and alcohol
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Barrett's esophagus more likely to lead to?
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Adenocarcinoma
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Triggers for GERD
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- Lying down
- Smoking - Tight clothing - Obesity |
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Patient complains of chest pain radiating down the arm, acidic taste in mouth
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GERD (not angina)
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Motility disorder with failure of LES to relax
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Achalasia
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Chagas Disease caused by?
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T. cruzi
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Bird's beak deformity seen with what?
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Achalasi
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Disease that gets worse with stress and temperature, better with rest
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Patient most likely to get thymectomy with?
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Myasthenia Gravis
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MuSK protein associated with what?
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Disease causing hardening/calcification/scarring of organs
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Scleroderma
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Resorption of distal tufts, calcification of fingers, restricted joint movement
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Scleroderma
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T in CREST
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Telangiectasis
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HIPAA stands for?
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Health, Insurance, Portability and Accountability Act
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Raynaud's with no underlying disease
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Raynaud's DISEASE (not phenomenon)
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Alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis are common causes of what?
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Esophageal varices
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Itchy skin
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Pruritis
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Male complains of hematemesis with vomiting after night of drinking.
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Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
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Complete transmural tear
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Boerhaave's Syndrome
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Melena seen what what?
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- Esophageal tear
- Stomach - Duodenum |
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Hematochezia seen with what?
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Rectal bleed
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Exopthalmos seen with what?
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Graves Disease
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Painful, tender, diffuse thyroid enlargement
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Sub-Acute Thyroiditis
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- Increase TH
- Decrease TSH - Presence of TSH antibodies on scintigraphy - Diffuse iodine uptake |
Graves Disease
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Single area of increased iodine uptake on scintigraphy
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Toxic adenoma
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Queen Anne's sign
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Loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrow (hypothyroidism)
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Numbness in lateral 3 digits + Phalen's sign
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Carpal tunnel (seen with Hashimoto's)
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Patient complains of tender shin that has changed shape and hats that don't fit anymore
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Paget's
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Thyroid disease with hyperthyroidism --> Hypothyroidism --> Euthryoid = ?
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Lymphocytic (post-partum)
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Cold intolerance, weight gain, goiter
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Hashimoto's
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(+) Phalen's sign seen with what?
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- Hashimoto's (Hypothyroidism)
- Carpal tunnel |
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(+) Tinel Tap is what?
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Increased pain/tingling along nerve distribution
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Test to detect H. pylori
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Urea breath test
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Unintentional weight loss, early satiety, abdominal bloating, hematemesis
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Gastric Adenocarcinoma
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Unintentional weight loss, enlarged supraclavicular lymph node (Virchows)
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Gastric Adenocarcinoma
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Polyps produce what defect on barium study?
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Filling defect
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Intolerance to spicy foods
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Gastritis
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Gastrinoma found on CT
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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Onset of pain 30 minutes after eating, weight loss
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Gastric Ulcer
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Patient complains of pain, relieved with food, but then returns 2 - 3 hours later; radiates to back
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Duodenal ulcer
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Clover leaf appearance seen with what?
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Healed duodenal ulcer
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Calcification of gall bladder wall
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Porcelain gall bladder
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(+) Murphy's sign
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Gallbladder disease
- Inflammation of gallbladder |
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Murphy's sign can be elicited with what?
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Abdominal ultrasounds (other options: KUB)
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Bruising around flanks indicative of?
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Retroperitoneal bleed (Grey Turner's sign)
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Kaiser-Fleischer ring seen with what?
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Wilson's Disease (copper)
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Inflammatory bowel disease consists of what?
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Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
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Sign of appendicitis
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Rovsing's/Blumberg's sign
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Most common tumor of the clavicle
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ABC
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Most common metastasis to spine in males
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Prostate cancer
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Most common tumor of sacrum and knee
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Giant cell
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Most common tumor of nose and sinuses
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Osteoma
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Sessile or pedunculated tumor
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Osteochondroma
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Traction of tibial tuberosity
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Osgood Schlatters
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Mouse ear appearance
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Psoriatic arthritis
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Sodium monourate crystal deposition
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Gout
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HADD most common where?
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Shoulder (supraspinatus)
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Oliguria
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Small amount of urine production
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Periorbital edema/facial edema, dark urine, hypertension
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Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
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Hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea, fever, anemia
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Goodpasture's
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Most common cause of glomerulonephritis
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IgA Nephropathy "Berger's disease"
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Hematura, mild proteinuria, flank pain
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IgA Nephropathy ("Bergers")
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Periorbital edema, facial edema, tea colored urine
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IgA Nephropathy
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Low back pain could indicate
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Rupture of abdominal aorta (kidney/pancreas are flank pain)
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Most common anemia in North America
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Iron deficiency
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Megaloblastic anemia is composed of what?
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Folate + Cobalamine deficiency (B9, B12)
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All WBCs are decreased?
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Pancytopenia
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Anemia causing priapism + spinal cord defect?
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Sickle Cell anemia
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Disease with UMN symptoms of LE, LMN symptoms of UE = ?
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ALS
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Ascending weakness
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Guillain - Barre
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Daytime drowsiness + sudden attacks of sleep
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Narcolepsy
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Type of hepatitis that doesn't have a chronic stage
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Hepatitis A
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A vaccine is available for all types of hepatitis except?
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Hepatitis C
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Chvostek Sign
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Tapping facing nerve, associated with celiac sprue and Whipple's
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IBD = ?
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Crohns and Ulcerative Colitis
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Pain at McBurney point
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Appendicitis
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Crohn's can cause ocular symptoms (uveitis and episcleritis) and bilateral joint inflammation
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Just so you know!
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Short bowel syndrome leads to what?
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Malabsoprtion
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AAA symptoms?
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Asymptomatic until rupture
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Most common cause of AAA
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Atherosclerosis
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Small bowel obstruction
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- Intestine dilated proximally
- Collapsed distally |
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Intestines twisting into each other
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Volvulus
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Congenital megacolon
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Hirschsprung disease
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Trichuriasis caused by?
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T. trichiura whipworm
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Most common type of colon cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Ca 19-9 indications
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Colon or pancreatic cancer
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Enlarged veins of rectum
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Hemorrhoids
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Sheehan's = ?
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Pan-hypopituitarism
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- Increased PTH
- Increased calcium - Decreased P |
Primary hyperparathyroidism
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Chronic hypocalcemia
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Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
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- Decreased cortisol
- Increased ACTH |
Primary Addison's
(has hyperpigmentation) |
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Secondary Addison's has ... ?
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No aldosterone deficiency (no hyperpigmentation)
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Cushing's is due to?
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Exogenous glucocorticoids
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Cannot raise eyebrows
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Bell's Palsy
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Can raise eyebrows
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Stroke patient
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Disease caused by a spirochete
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Lyme disease
(B. burgdorferi) |
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Whipple's Triad
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- Symptoms of hypoglycemia
- Low plasma glucose - Goes away after blood glucose is increased again |
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Shuffling/festinating gait
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Parkinson's
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Priapism is seen with
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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Hair on end and honeycomb/lacy trabecular bone pattern
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Thalessemia
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Menke's disease/Kinky hair disease
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Inherited copper deficiency
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Injury to glomeruli (glomerulonephritis) results in
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Hypertension
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Risk for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
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Previous history of pharyngeal or cutaneous infection
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Goodpasture's = ?
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (blood in cough and urine)
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Most common cause of glomerulonephritis
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IgA Nephropathy
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Most common risk factor for prostate cancer
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Age
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Most common form of prostate cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Symptom of acute pyelonephritis
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Pyuria
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Flank pain, mass, hematuria
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Renal cell carcinoma
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Greatest risk factor for bladder cancer
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Smoking
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Main cause of renal vascular disease
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Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia
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Ischemia of renal vessels leads to ?
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Irreversible kidney damage
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Patient leaning forward to relieve pain
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Levine's Sign
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Levine's sign is seen with what?
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Myocardial infarction
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Coronary angiography = ?
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Gold Standard Heart Diagnostic Test
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Angina usually triggered by?
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Physical exertion
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Pain/angina relieved with = ?
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- Cough
- Change in position |
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Pain not relieved with rest or NTG?
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MI
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Signs of Cardiac Tamponade = ?
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Beck's Triad
- Decrease in systolic pressure - Increase in JVP - Muffled heart sounds |
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Leaning forward is palliative
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Pericarditis
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Chest pain at apex of heart
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Most common cause of pleurisy
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Viral infection
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Shallow breathing and lying on affected side
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Palliative for pleurisy
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Most common cause of pulmonary embolism
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DVT
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Virchow's Triad
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- Venostasis
- Hypercoagulability - Vessel wall damage |
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(+) Shepelmann's Test = ?
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Pleurisy
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Pain aggravated by trunk movement
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Costochondritis
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Costochondritis + Swelling
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Tietze syndrome
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Most common cause of community acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults?
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Streptococcal pneumonia
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Tuberculosis affecting cervical lymph nodes
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Scrofula disease
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Ghon tubercle
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Primary tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis diagnosed with what tests?
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Tine and Mantoux tests
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Pink puffer
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Emphyseam
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Blue bloater
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Chronic bronchitis
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Patient presents with shortness of breath, cough with clear sputum, chest tightness, end-expiratory wheezing = ?
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Asthma
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Curschmann spirals
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Mucous plugs in asthma
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Most common cause of lung cancer = ?
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Smoking (squamous and small cell)
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Eyelid turning inward
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Entropion
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Eyelid turning outward
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Ectropion
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Kidney disease leading to ESRD, GN, hearing loss
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Alport's disease
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Weber's lateralizes to affected ear?
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Conductive hearing loss
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Weber's lateralizes to normal ear?
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Sensorineural loss
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Sign of otitis externa
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Tragus sign
- Pain upon palpation of tragus |
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Bilateral, symmetrical, progressive sensorineural age-related hearing loss
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Presbycusis
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Most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children
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Otitis media
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Risk factor for otitis media
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- Group daycare
- Respiratory illness |
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Otalgia
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ear pain
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Mastoiditis
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Pinna moves anterior and inferior
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Most common cause of progressive hearing loss in adults
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Otosclerosis
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Benign intracranial tumor
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Acoustic neuroma
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Battle Sign
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Bluish discoloration of post-auricular region associated with temporal fracture
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Meniere's Disease
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Idiopathic
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Meniere's Syndrome
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Known cause
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Trigger for allergic rhinitis
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Pollen
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Drop attack
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Otolithic Crisis of Tumarkin (Meniere's disease or labyrinthitis)
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Menarche means what?
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Period. Haha.
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Chocolate cysts
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Endometriosis
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Cervicitis
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Inflammation of cervix (type of pelvic inflammatory disease)
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Salpingitis
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Inflammation of fallopian tubes due to ascending infection
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Oophoritis
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Inflammation of ovaries, associated with salpingitis
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Chandelier's Sign
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Extreme pain with movement of cervix during bimanual pelvic exam
- Indicates pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome
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- Extrahepatic manifestations of PID
- "Violin String" adhesion of fallopian tube - RUQ pain |
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Fibrous thickening that contacts and deforms penis, distorting the shape of the erection
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Peyronie's disease
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sustained, painful, unwanted erection, associated with Sickle Cell/spinal cord injury
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Priapism
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Inflammation of skin over the head of the penis
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Balanitis
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Inflammation of testes
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Orchitis
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Inflammation of epididymis
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Epididymitis
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