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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The relationship among temperature, average kinetic energy, and speed
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The average kinetic energy of gas molecules increases with temperature.
There are gas molecules that move faster than the average. There are gas molecules that move slower than the average. The average speed of gas molecules increases with temperature. |
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rms speed of a molecule
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v = sqrt(3RT/M)
R is ideal gas constant T is absolute temperature M is the molar mass (kg/mol) |
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The average kinetic energy depends only on the temperature. However, a heavier molecule will move more slowly than a lighter molecule if both have the same kinetic energy.
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More-massive gas molecules in the sample have lower rms speed than less-massive ones
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Boyle's Law
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PV = PV
Inversely proportional |
Boyle's law describes the inverse relationship between volume and pressure of an ideal gas. When the temperature and amount of a gas remain fixed, an increase in volume results in a lower pressure, and a decrease in volume
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Charles Law
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V/T
Directly proportional |
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What is true about the equilibrium constant, Kc?
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The value of Kc changes as the temperature changes.
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in PV = nRT, what does R equal?
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0.08206 L*atm / mol*K
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What values are P and T at STP?
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P = 1.00 atm
T = 273 K |
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What is Charles Law?
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(V/T)initial = (V/T)final
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When the amount of gas and the pressure are fixed, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature in kelvins. When the temperature increases, the gas expands. When the gas is cooled, its volume decreases
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van der Walls Equation
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(P + an^2 / V^2) (V-nb) = nRT
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The volume of a gas is defined as the space in which the gas molecules can move. When using the ideal gas law we make the assumption that this space is equal to the volume of the container. However, the gas molecules themselves take up some space in the container.
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What is the formula for the average speed of particles in a gas sample?
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u = sqrt(3RT/M)
R = 8.314 J/(mol*K) |
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what is the relative rate of effusion in terms of molecular masses mA and mB?
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rate of gas A effusion / rate of gas B effusion
= sqrt (mB/mA) |
The rate of effusion of a gas is directly related to the average speed of the gas molecules, so it's inversely proportional to the square root of its mass. In other words, the lighter the molecules of the gas, the more rapidly it effuses.
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What is Effusion?
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Effusion is the escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole into a vacuum
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What is 1 atm in mmHg and Pa?
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1 atm = 760mmHg = 101,325 Pa
101.325 kPa |
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What is Dalton's Law?
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Dalton's Law states that the total pressure, Ptotal, of a mixure of gases in a container equals the sum of the pressures of each individual gas
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + ... |
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When does the normal boiling point occur?
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When the vapor pressure of a pure liquid equals an external pressure of one atmosphere.
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What does partial pressure equal?
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moles of component/ total moles
times the total pressure (Ptotal) P1 = X1 x Ptotal |
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What is Viscosity?
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Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flowing. Examples of viscous liquids are molasses, olive oil, and maple syrup
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What is Surface Tension?
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Surface tension is a phenomenon that allows insects to walk on water and causes water to "bead" on windows. Surface tension is defined as the energy required to increase the surface area of a given amount of liquid by a given unit of area.
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What is the Boiling Point?
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Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas. It is also defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure reaches atmospheric pressure.
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What is Vapor Pressure?
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Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor above a liquid. Liquids that readily evaporate have relatively high vapor pressures.
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