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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thermodynamic Terminology |
Isolated: system can't exchange energy or matter with surroundings
Closed: system can exchange energy but not matter with surroundings Open: both energy and matter can be exchanged with surroundings |
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
(delta) U=Q-W U=change in internal energy Q=head added to the system W=work done by system |
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Isothermal Processes |
System's temperature is constant. Implies that the total internal energy of the system is constant throughout the process. Temperature & internal energy are directly proportional |
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Adiabatic Process |
No heat is exchanged between the system and the environment; thermal energy of the system is constant throughout the process. Q=0 *temperature is not constant U=-W (change in the internal energy of the system is equal to work done on the system) appears hyperbolic on a graph |
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Isobaric Process |
Happens when the pressure of the system is constant. Does not alter the first law Occurs on a flat line graph |
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Isovolumetric (isochoric) |
process experiences no change in volume. no work is performed since no gas expands or compresses. U=Q |
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State functions |
Pressure (P) Density (p) Temperature (T) Volume (V) Enthalpy (H) Internal energy (U) Gibbs free energy (G) Entropy (S) Mnemonic: When I'm under pressure and feeling dense, all I want to do is watch TV and get HUGS. |
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Standard Conditions |
Used for measuring the enthalpy, entropy & Gibbs free energy changes of a reaction 25 C (298 K) 1 atm pressure 1 M concentrations *kinetics equilibrium thermodynamics |
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) |
O C (273 K) 1 atm pressure *used for ideal gas calculations |
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Phases Gas-Liquid Equilibrium |
Evaporation or vaporization: molecules near the surface of a liquid that has enough kinetic energy to change to the gaseous phase. Endothermic process; every time a liquid turns to gas the liquid left behind decreases in temperature Example: boiling |
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Condensation |
a covered or closed container with boiling water will trap the escaping molecules. The molecules exert a countering pressure that forces some of the gas back into the liquid phase. facilitated by lower temperature or higher pressure. |
