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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four types of asexual reproduction? |
Binary Fission Budding Schizogany Sporogany |
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What is binary fission? |
Forms two identical individuals, most common form of reproduction, mitosis followed by cytokinesis. |
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What is budding? |
Progeny that is produced is much smaller than the parent, but it will grow to the same size. |
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What is schizogany? |
Multiple fission, several nuclear divisions before cytokinesis occurs, many offspring produced simultaneously. |
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What is sporogany? |
Unfavorable conditions, zygote is formed by fusion of gametes, zygote forms a cyst (dormant form), cyst has a protective wall, zygote may undergo meiosis or mitosis. |
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Which form of reproduction is common in multicellular organisms and some phyla of protists? |
Sexual reproduction. |
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Describe the zygotic life cycle. |
Common type for protists, favorable condition - zygote goes through mitosis, unfavorable condition - haploid cell becomes gametes. |
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Describe the egg cell. |
Large, non-motile |
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Describe the sperm cell. |
Smaller, flagellated. |
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Gametes will fuse to form a (blank). |
Diploid zygote. |
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Describe reproduction of diatoms. |
Usually asexual, all are gametes except diploid. |
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In what type of organism does conjugation occur? |
Ciliate protists. |
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Describe conjugation. |
2 nuclei: Macronucleus - functional Micronucleus - diploid, used to transmit genome to next generation, undergoes meiosis |
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Animalia is a (blank) group. |
Monophyletic. |
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What is a choanoflagellate? |
A single flagellum surrounded by a basket-like collar. |
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Which animals appeared first? When? |
Marine invertebrates. 570 million years ago. |
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When did many animals begin to appear? |
During the Cambrian explosion, around 540 - 525 million years ago. |
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What percentage of animals are invertebrates? |
98% |
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How many species of animals are vertebrates? |
56,000. |
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What are metazoans? |
Multicellular animals (excludes protozoans). |
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Why is it good that animals lack cell walls? |
This allows for body flexibility and active movement. |
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All animal cells are organized into (blank), with the exception of (blank). |
Tissues, sponges. |
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What are the three components of tissues? |
Extracellular matrix Proteins Collagen |
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Why is Collagen important to our tissues? |
Collagen gives our tissues strength. |
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What are the three types of cell junctions? |
Anchoring junctions Tight junctions Gap junctions |
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Describe heterotrophs. |
Cannot synthesize essential organic molecules, have to feed on other organisms or live symbiotically with autotrophs. |
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Which kingdom is the most complex? |
Animalia. |
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Animal cells can go through (blank) and then die through (blank). |
Mitosis, apoptosis. |
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How to most animals reproduce? |
Sexually. |
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Describe sexual reproduction. |
2 cells formed by meiosis (egg and sperm) unite to form a zygote. |
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What do all animals share? |
Similar genes which code for small ribosomal subunits. |
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What are hox genes? |
Genes that function in patterning the body axis. |
