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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Griffith's Experiment
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Showed transformation of type R bacteria into type S bacteria, which occurred when heat-killed virulent type S bacteria were mixed with type R. The transformation that occurred was due to the DNA in type S.
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Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
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Using purification techniques they were able to isolate the DNA in type S bacteria, which when added to type R bacteria, transformed it into type S bacteria, which the proteins were unable to do.
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Chromosomes
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The association of proteins with DNA organizes the long strands into structures found in cells that we now know contain genetic material. Name means colored body due to the ease with which they are stained.
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Nucleic Acid
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DNA and its molecular cousin RNA
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Nucleotides
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the building blocks of DNA and RNA
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strand
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formed by the covalent linkage of nucleotides in a linear manner.
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double helix
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is formed by two strands of DNA hydrogen-bonded to each other.
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genome
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the complete complement of an organism's genetic material.
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Purine Bases
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Have a double-ring structure. Adenine(A) & Guanine (G)
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Pyrimidines
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Have a single ring structure. bases are cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
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Watson & Crick
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Using all the known experiments at the time, they assembled a ball and stick model of DNA, and deduced the double helix structure of DNA.
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base pairs
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hydrogen bonding between the bases in opposing strands form these
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AT/GC rule
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Adenine pairs with Thymine; Guanine pairs with Cytosine
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Complementary
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Due to the AT/GC rule, the base sequence in one DNA strand can be predicted if you know the sequence in the opposing strand.
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DNA replication
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Method in which DNA is copied, the original DNA strands are used as templates for the synthesis of new DNAstrands
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Semiconservative DNA replication
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Two complementary strands of DNA separate and serve as template strands for the synthesis of new strands of DNA. After the double helix has separated, individual nucleotides have access to the template strands. Hydrogen bonding between the individual nucleotides and the template strands must obey the AT/GC rule. A covalent bond is formed between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the previous nucleotide, resulting in two double helices that have the same base sequence as the original DNA molecule.
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origin of replication
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a site within a chromosome that serves as a starting point for DNA replication
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bidirectional replication
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the process in which the two DNA strands unwind, and DNA replication proceeds outward from the origin in opposite direction.
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DNA helicase
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The enzymes which aids in the individual strands move outward from the origin by binding to one of the DNA strands and traveling in the 5' to 3' direction toward the fork.
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