General Biology 121

Front 1

Define:

Evolution

Back 1

genetic changes,physical or behavioral characteristics: individuals.

Hint 1

Changes physical, behavioral individuals

Front 2

Define:

Metabolism

Back 2

Chemical reactions occurs in a cell.

Front 3

Define:

Homeostatis

Back 3

maintain internal conditions.

Hint 3

upkeep

Front 4

how living things are organized name the smallest unit of life.

Back 4

shows increasing levels of biological organization.

Cell.

Front 5

Define:

Adaptation

Back 5

structures or behaviors that allow efficient use of the environment.

Front 6

Define:

Natrual Selection

Back 6

different mechanisms causing evolutionary change in populations.

Front 7

What does the following curve show?

Back 7

Is often produced.

Front 8

What would the curve look like if there were little variation in height in this population?

Back 8

similar bell-shaped curve if plotted by height

Front 9

List conditions that are for natural selection to occur.

Back 9

Individuals in population vary; aren't identical.

Some variants “better” than others.

Traits are heritable.

“better” individuals have success reproducing; they have more offspring.

generations offspring have better traits.

Front 10

Define:

hypothesis

Back 10

explanation of observation.

Front 11

Define:

control

Back 11

limit investigation describing nature.

Front 12

Define:

theory

Back 12

tested by investigators and hasn't been disproved.

Front 13

Define:

Ion

Back 13

Atom gains electrons, becomes negative charge.
charge particles are ions.

Front 14

Define:

Compound

Back 14

Combine to form a whole, mix.

Front 15

Define:

Atomic Mass

Back 15

The sum of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Front 16

Define:

Atomic Number

Back 16

number of protons.

Front 17

Define:

Orbital

Back 17

Pairs of electrons occupy spaces,

Front 18

What's an element?

Is water an element?

Why or why not?

Back 18

substances made of one kind of atom.

(H2O) isn't an element

because it can be broken down to hydrogen and oxygen.

Front 19

smallest particle of element that retains properties of element?

Back 19

element with
characteristics atoms.

Hint 19

elemnt w/characterisic atoms

Front 20

Name six elements living organisms.

Back 20

Compound, Atoms, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen & Nitrogen.

Hint 20

Cpd,ats,O,Crb,Hdy&Nt

Front 21

Name particles in nucleus of atom.

Back 21

protons, neutrons, & electrons.

Hint 21

prts,ntrs,eltrns

Front 22

# of protons compares to # of electrons in atom.

Back 22

Protons 1 amu, electron is less.

Hint 22

1 amu, elec less

Front 23

Name the charge found on each subatomic particles.

Back 23

protons(+)
neutron(-),
nelectrons(0)

Front 24

What is the atomic mass of each subatomic particles

Back 24

protons- approx. 1 amu
neutrons- approx. 1 amu
electons- 1/1836 amu

Front 25

tell how many electrons an atom has if given the # of protons.

Back 25

Atoms are neutral,the number of electrons is equal number of protons=6

Front 26

tell how many electrons in each electron shell if given the total = of electrons

Back 26

shell K2, L8, M18, N32

Front 27

What determines chemical bonding characteristics of an atom?

Back 27

Atom with one shell needs two electrons to complete outer shell.
Atoms with more than one shell require 8 electrons to complete outer shells.

Front 28

What's an ionic bond.

Back 28

Atoms with unfilled outer shells, transfer electrons one to another.

Front 29

What is charge distribution on two ions after forming ionic bond.

Back 29

transfer enables atoms complete outer shells.

Front 30

How does the # electrons in atom compare the number of electrons in ion of same element

Back 30

atomic # is the same # of electrons

Front 31

Write atomic symbol of calcium ion

Back 31

Ca+2

Front 32

What is a covalent bond

Back 32

When atoms share electrons

Front 33

tell the maximum # of covalent bonds an atom will form if given the # of electrons in outer shell

Back 33

Two hydrogen atoms bonded by a single covalent bond

Front 34

Draw single, double, and triple covalent bonds using a straight line to represent a bond

Back 34

H---C=H---C (Single)

H
|
H -C- H (Double)
|
H

H H
\ /
C = C (Triple)
/ \
H H

Front 35

Given a chemical equation identify the reactants and products

Back 35

chemical equation for water from hydrogen and oxygen is:
2H2 + O2 ® 2H2O
In the equation above, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) are reactants; water (H2O) is the product

Front 36

Given a chemical equation, be able to determine if it's
balanced or not

Back 36

The equation below (bottom of diagram) is not balanced because the number of atoms on the left side of the arrow is not equal to the number on the right side
H2 + O2 -> H2O

Front 37

. What is oxidation and reduction?
Do they occur together?
Why or why not

Back 37

Oxidation: the loss of elecrons from an atom or molecule.
Reduction: the gain of electrons or gain of hydrogen atoms
Oxidation and reduction occur together.
When a atom or molecule is oxidized, another must be reduced

Front 38

How water molecules interact with each other

Back 38

Hydrogen is bonded to a electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen, a partial positive charge develops on the hydrogen due to unequal sharing of electrons

Front 39

How water molecules interact with other polar molecules or ions

Back 39

Partial positive and negative charges on water molecule produce attractions with ions and polar molecules

Front 40

How does the amount of energy need to change the temperature of water compare to that needed to change the temperature of other liquids

Back 40

It possible to break some kinds of matter down into other kinds of matter with different properties.
For example, water (H2O) can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.

Front 41

What happens to the density of water as temperature decreases

Back 41

There's less movement of molecules and breaking of hydrogen bonds.
Increased hydrogen bonding results in greater average distance between water molecule
Water becomes less dense because a given volume contains fewer molecules

Front 42

What happens when water ionizes

Back 42

When water ionizes, equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions (OH-) are formed. The hydrogen ion (H+) attaches to another water molecule forming a hydronium ion (H3O+).

Front 43

What is the pH of water?
Why is it this pH?

Back 43

( OH-) are bases because hydroxide ions are capable of combining with hydrogen ions to form water