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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure
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peptidoglycan
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major surface antigen - has teichoic acid - induces acute phase reactants TNF and IL1
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cell wall/cell membrane
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site of endotoxin (LPS), major surface antigen
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outer membrane (GN)
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LPS components
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lipid A (induces TNF and IL1), core polysaccharide, outer O side chain
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site of oxidative and transport enzymes
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plasma membrane
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space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in GN bacteria
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periplasm
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protects against phagocytosis
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capsule
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mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface, sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation
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pilus/fimbria
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motility
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flagellum
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provides resistance to dehydration, heat and chemicals
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spore
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contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes and toxins
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plasmid
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organisms with IgA proteases
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S pneumo, N mening, N gonorrhea, H influ
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bugs that do not gram stain well
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treponema, rickettsia, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
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exotoxin
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secreted from cell, made of polypeptide, induces high titer antibodies- antitoxins
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endotoxin
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part of the cell, made of LPS, poorly antigenic
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superantigens
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bind directly to MHC II and TCR, activating large numbers of T cell to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL2
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S aureus toxins
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TSST-1- TSS
enterotoxin (preformed)- food poisoning a-toxin- hemolysis b-toxin- sphingomyelinase leukocidin and hemolysin epidermolytic/exfoliative- epithelial cell lysis, SSSS |
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S pyogenes toxins
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streptolysin O- hemolysis
streptolysin S- hemoylsis erythrogenic/pyrogenic toxins- skin rash and fever of scarlet fever |
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diphtheria toxin
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inactivates EF2, causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane colitis
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vibrio toxin
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stimualates adenylyl cyclase; increases pumping of Cl and water into gut- voluminous rice water diarrhea
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e coli toxin
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heat labile toxin stimulates adenylyl cyclase causing watery diarrhea
heat stabile toxin stimulates guanylyl cyclase |
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bordatella toxin
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stimulates adenylyl cyclase, causes whopping cough; inhibits chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis
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perfringens toxin
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gas gangrene
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tetanus toxin
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blocks release of inhibitor transmitter glycine- causes lockjaw
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botulinum toxin
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blocks release of Ach, causes anticholinergic symptoms, CNS paralysis especially cranial nerves
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anthracis toxin
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edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen
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shiga toxin
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like E coli O157:H7 cleaves host cell rRNA; enhances cytokine release causing HUS
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bacteria that secrete enterotoxins
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vibrio, e coli, staph, salmonella, shigella
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what does C3a do
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hypotension, edema
mast cell and basophil degranulation--> histamien |
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what does C5a do
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neutrophil chemotaxis
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H influ media
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chocolate agar with factors V and X
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M tb media
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Lowenstein Jensen agar, 2-4 weeks, slow growing
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Lactose fermenting enterics media
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MacConkey's agar
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Features of MacConkeys
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bile salts and crystal violet- inhibit GP
lactose- only carbohydrate neutral red stain (those that ferment lactose will pick it up) |
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congo red stains for
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amyloid (green apply birefringence because of beta pleated sheets)
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giema stains for
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borrelia, plasmodium, trypanosomes, chlamydia
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Ziehl-Neelson stains for
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acid fact bacteria
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india ink stains for
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C neoformans
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silver stains for
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fungi, PCP, legionella
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methods for exchanging DNA cell to cell
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conjugation, transduction, transformation
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method for plasmid transfer
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conjugation by f-pillus
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obligate aerobes
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nocardia, pseudomonas, myco tb, bacillus
"nagging pests must breathe" |
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m tb likes...
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apices of the lung which have the highest PO2
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obligate anaerobes
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clostridium, bacteriodes, actinomyces
cannot use aminoglycosides against them lack catalase/superoxide dismutase |
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obligate IC bugs
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rickettsia, chlamydia- cannot make their own ATP
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encapsulated bacteria
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strep pneumo, h influ, neisseria mening, kleb pneumo
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spore formers
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bacillus anthracis, clostridium perfringens, c tetani, coxiella
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