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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many memebranes does Mycobacteria have?
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- Gram Positive so
An inner membrane and no outer membrane |
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List all the endotoxins of Mycobacteria.
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-it doesn't have any
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What is a unique characteristic/capability of Mycobacteria Tuberculosis?
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-it's ability to grow inside of macrophages
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What is the relationship between tuberculosis and oxygen?
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-Tuberculosis is a strict aerobe
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What are some factors that affect the transmission of TB?
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-# and concentration of organisms expelled in the air
-exposure time -immune status of exposed person |
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What factors contribute to the exposure of TB?
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-crowding
-poor healthcare -poor living conditions -rate of active infection |
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Where do TB bacteria reproduce once inside the lungs?
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inside of "UNACTIVATED" macrophages
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What happens once macrophages are activated by the presence of TB?
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The phagocytes wall off the bacteria by forming a granuloma around the dead phagocytes.
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When testing for TB, what are you looking for?
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A cell mediated response; not antibiotic mediated
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If "EXPOSED" to TB what two things can happen?
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You either get infected or don't get infected
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If "INFECTED" by TB what are the possiblities of the disease in the body?
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It will become primary active TB or it will be latent(maybe forever )
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If TB is latent in the body what are the chances of it being reactivated?
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about 2-23% over lifetime, increasing with age
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What is the action of the body's cell immune response for lots of TB bacilli?
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-necrotic granulomas
-cytokines -complement activation -macrophage debris |
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What is the name of the TB test used in the US?
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the Mantoux tuberculin test
(PPD-Purified Protein Derivative) |
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What two factors should be consider for a positive PPD test?
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-the patient
-the circumstances |
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What are some ways to examine active TB?
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(growth necessary)
-chest X-ray -sputum sample -nucleic acid probes -culture (6-8 weeks) |
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Why isn't the BCG vaccine used to prevent TB in the US?
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Because it makes a person test positive for PPD testing.
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What are some treatment set-backs for TB?
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-drug-resistant mutants
-slow growth of bacteria -inadequate treatment |
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What is the treatment of latent TB?
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9 month optimal treatment
(twice weekly if observed directly) |
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What is Hansen's disease?
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Mycobacterium Leprae
(Leprosy) |
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Name two types of Leprosy?
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-Tuberculoid leprosy
(Paucibacillary Hansen's) -Lepromatus leprosy (Multibacillary Hansen's) |
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What the differences between Pauci- and Multibacillary?
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-few/many skin lesions
-few or no bacilli/lots of bacilli -infiltration/few lymphocytes -low/high infectivity |
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What is the treatment of leprosy?
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-long term antibiotics
-treat everyone in the household until infected member is cured |
