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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mechanism of general anesthetics
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increase threshold for nerve cells to fire
Cl- channel opening causes hyperpolerization of axonal membrane Na+ channel ligand-gated fns activates K+ channels causing hyperpolerization |
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nitrous oxide
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not a general anesthetic
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effect of general anesthetics on respn
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all decrease respiration
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decreased respiration's effect on the brain
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normally causes for vasodialation in brain wrt resp and CO2.
- not present in halothane or enflurane |
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spike and dome on EEG
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seen with enflurane
like w/ epilepsy |
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pregnant pts general anesthesia
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quiet and relaxation of uterine muscle w/ all
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hepatic toxicity
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halothane
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nephrotoxicity
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methoxytlutane
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malignant hyperthermia
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use dantrolene
- with all potent inhalation agents and succinylcholine - sevofluane and sedflurane |
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ED50 for inhaled agents
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= minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)
dose rqd for maintaining immobility in 50% of pop - lower the MAC more potent the anesthetic agent |
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lower blood: gas partition coefficient
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smaller # lowers the blood solubility
creates faster induction - tissue solubility has minimal difference |
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pharmacokinetics of gas anesthetics
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transfer from lung to blood to brain
partial pressure is pressure exerted by a specified component in a mixture of gases |
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partial pressure is equivelant
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to the concentration gradient of a drug when you're administering it
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when a gas dissolves in the blood
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it makes it seem like there's a larger volume of blood
decreases the concentration gradient to get into the brain partial pressure is no longer accurate |
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influences rate of induction of anesthesia
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solubility
NO has low solubility (= small # for blood:gas partition coefficient) in blood and rapid induction halothane has high solubility in blood and slower rate of induction |
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increasing the ventilation rate
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increases the rate of induction
same as increasing the diffusion rate |
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cardiac output increased causes for ____rate of induction
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induction to be slower
dt perceived increased blood capacity |
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pulmonary blood flow is slowed then anesthesia induction is _______
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faster induction
dt reduced blood capacity |
