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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the steps that gene expression regulates? (6)
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1. Chromatin
2. Rate of transcription 3. RNA splicing 4. RNA stability 5. Rate of translation 6. Stability of protein |
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RNA stability
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1. 5' caps to 3' tails
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Nonsense mediated mRNA decay
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Targets incorrect mRNAs that have premature stop codons.
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What decap and degrade RNA?
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Nucleases
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What is iron-dependent regulation of translation of ferritin mRNA?
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1.Ferritin is the major iron storage protein in cells.
2. If iron is low, ferritin is not needed. 3. IRE-BP blocks translation of the ferritin mRNA if not needed. 4. As iron increases, IRE-BP binds to iron instead of mRNA and ferritin is produced. |
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What kind of RNA regulates gene expression?
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miRNA and RNAi
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What is RNAi?
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RNA interference is a method by which introduction of a dsRNA triggers destruction of any matching mRNA by nucleases.
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What is the anti-sense method?
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A method commonly used at the time to decrease gene expression in mammalian cells.
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List the steps of the anti-sense method. (New and 4 steps).
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1. Synthezie unc-22 RNA in vitro
2. Purify single stranded and double stranded RNA. 3. Inject RNA into worms. 4. Look for twitchy progeny that lose unc-22 expression. |
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What is the method of RNAi?
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RNAi is used to "knock down" almost any gene. The siRNA triggers RNAi.
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How do cells used RNAi to fight and detect viruses?
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1.RNAi targets viral genes and silences them.
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How do viruses fight back to the cell?
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They produce a protein p19 that sticks to dsRNA and keeps RNAi from targeting viral genes.
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What is the main idea of RNAi-based therapeutics?
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RNAi creates the opportunity to silence the production of disease-causing proteins.
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What are microRNAs?
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miRNAs regulate gene expression by blocking translation.
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How do miRNAs help control tumor development?
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If the miRNA does not bind and block translation of the oncogene, increased cell growth and tumor can results.
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RNA stability definition
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Changes in the degradation rate of a message can have a large impact on protein expression. Messages with early stop codons are quickly degraded.
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What is translational control?
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mRNA binding proteins control the rate of translation in response to changing conditions.
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microRNA definition
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inhibit translation by binding to 3' UTRs in mRNA and can regulate gene expression.
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