Gene To Protein

Front 1

What is a gene?

Back 1

A segment of DNA that codes for a Polypeptide.

Front 2

What is a polypeptide?

Back 2

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide molecules

Front 3

T or F. The genetic Code is nearly universal?

Back 3

T

Front 4

The _____ _______ is nearly universal

Back 4

Genetic Code

Front 5

What is the flow of info in a cell?

Back 5

DNA to RNA to Polypeptide

Front 6

What is Transcriptin?

Back 6

Copying of DNA code into RNA.

Front 7

What is Translation?

Back 7

Polypeptide assemly in the ribosome using mRNA and tRNA

Front 8

How is hte DNA code read?

Back 8

in triplets

Front 9

What is the DNA code called?

Back 9

The reading Frame (non-overlapping)

Front 10

Can the DNA code be directly made into a protein?

Back 10

No

Front 11

What then must happen first to DNA?

Back 11

It must be made into RNA first.

Front 12

The mRNA that is formed is complementry or identical?

Back 12

Complementary

Front 13

Name the 2 processes in protein production.

Back 13

1. Transcription
2. Translation

Front 14

Name the 3 differences between DNA & RNA

Back 14

1. Contains ribose instead of deoryribose
2. Contains uracil instead of thymine
3. Single stranded

Front 15

How many types of RNA are there?

Back 15

3

Front 16

Name the 3 types of RNA

Back 16

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Front 17

What is mRNA?

Back 17

Messenger RNA; made frjom DNA in nucleus in process of transcription

Front 18

What is mRNA made from?

Back 18

DNA

Front 19

Where is mRNA made?

Back 19

Nucleus

Front 20

When is mRNA made?

Back 20

During process of transcription.

Front 21

What is tRNA?

Back 21

Transfer RNA; brings the amino acid to the ribosome & matches the mRNA in the proces sof translation.

Front 22

What is rRNA?

Back 22

Ribosomal RNA; part of the ribosome that acts as an enzyme & helps put together amino acids into a polypeptide.

Front 23

rRNNA is part of what?

Back 23

The ribosome

Front 24

rRNA acts as an ________.

Back 24

Enzyme

Front 25

rRNA helps to do what?

Back 25

Put together amino acids into polypeptide.

Front 26

What is Uracil?

Back 26

look up

Front 27

What is Ribose?

Back 27

Look up

Front 28

Which type of RNA is made in transcripton?

Back 28

mRNA

Front 29

Which type of RNA brings the amino acids to the ribosne?

Back 29

tRNA

Front 30

Which type of RNA puts together a polypeptide?

Back 30

rRNA

Front 31

Where does transcription take place?

Back 31

Nucleus

Front 32

What is a codon?

Back 32

3 bases on mRNA

Front 33

The nucleus is where ______ takes place.

Back 33

Transcription

Front 34

Does transcription or translation take place in the nucleus?

Back 34

Transcription

Front 35

Each codon codes for how many amino acids?

Back 35

1

Front 36

One amino acid is coded by each _______.

Back 36

Codon

Front 37

How many codons are ther?

Back 37

64

Front 38

How many codons code for amino acid?

Back 38

61

Front 39

If a codon isn't coding for amino acid, what does it do?

Back 39

Codes for stop or end of sequence.

Front 40

More than 1 codon can coede for 1 amino acid. T or F

Back 40

True

Front 41

1 codon can only coede for 1 amino acid. It cannot code for 2, 3, 4, etc.

Back 41

ccccc-A (YES)
C-aaaa (NO)

Front 42

What is RNA Polymerase

Back 42

The main enzyme involved in RNA production

Front 43

What is the main enzyme in RNA production?

Back 43

RNA Polymerase

Front 44

What does RNA polymerase add to the 3' end of the DNA template?

Back 44

Nucleotides

Front 45

RNA Polymerase adds nucleotides ot the 3'end of what?

Back 45

DNA template only.

Front 46

_______ occurs in 5' to 3' direction

Back 46

Elongation

Front 47

Mutations

Back 47

Changes in the genetic material

Front 48

How many kinds of mutations are there?

Back 48

2

Front 49

Name the 2 types of mutations

Back 49

Gene & Chromosomal

Front 50

What is a gene mutation?

Back 50

A mutation that produces changes in a single gene.

Front 51

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Back 51

A mutation that produces changes in whole chromosomes.

Front 52

What are point mutations?

Back 52

Gene mutationsinvolving changes in 1 or a few nucleotides. They occur at a single point in hte DNA sequence.

Front 53

Point mutations inclued ____, ___, & _____.

Back 53

Substitutions, insertions, deletions.

Front 54

Substitutions

Back 54

one base is changed to another

Front 55

Insertions & deletions

Back 55

A base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence.

Front 56

How many amino acids do substitutions affedt?

Back 56

1

Front 57

How many amino acids do insertions & delection affect?

Back 57

Many

Front 58

What is a frameship mutatation?

Back 58

A mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the genetic messsage

Front 59

What do chromosomal mutation involve?

Back 59

changes in the # of structure of chromosomes.

Front 60

Name 2 things a chromosomal mutation may change about a gene

Back 60

1. location of genes on chromosomes.
2. # of copies of some genes.

Front 61

Name 2 types of frameshift mutations.

Back 61

1. substitution
2. Insertion

Front 62

Name 4 types of chromosomal mutations

Back 62

1. deletion
2. duplications
3. inversions
4. translocations

Front 63

Deletions

Back 63

involve the loss of all or part of a chromosome

Front 64

Duplications

Back 64

produce extra copies of parts of a chromosome

Front 65

Inversions

Back 65

Reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes.

Front 66

Translocations

Back 66

oCCUR WHEN PART OF 1 CHROMOSOME BREAKS OFF & ATTACHES TO ANOTHER.

Front 67

Most mutations are neutral. What does this mean?

Back 67

That they have littlr or no effect.

Front 68

Polyploidy

Back 68

The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.