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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Differences between males and females. Male qualities:
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males: more instrumental, active, competitive, independent, aggressive and self-assertive
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Differences between males and females. female qualities:
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females: more expressive, emotional, gentle, empathetic, cooperative, concerned with the needs of others
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Timeline for Development of Gender
Concept/Identity, and when they can descriminate: |
1) 6 months: infants use differences in vocal pitch to discriminate female speech from male speech
2) 1 year: discriminate pictures and match speech to correct gender face 3) 2.5 - 3 years: label self as boy or girl 4) 5-7: understand that sex is unchanging attribute |
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When do children develop Gender Stereotypes
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By the latter half of their second
year children begin forming gender-related expectations about the kinds of objects and activities that are typically associated with males and females |
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What is the earliest distinction of Gender behavior:
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earliest distintion is with toy preferences. by 3, they have same-sexcompanions.
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Evolutionary perspective on gender differences:
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good spatial reasoning might have been selected for males because males who had the ability to track animals over distances could better insure the survival of themselves and their offspring
females’ tendency to build strong alliances with other females could have insured assistance with childcare, benefiting their offspring |
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brain differences:
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female brain: there may be a higher proportion of cortical gray matter (associated with information processing)
male brain: higher proportion of white matter (associated with the speed of information transmission) |
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discuss kohlberg;s theory
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30 months: gender identity
3-4 yrs: Gender stability 5-7 yrs: gender constancy |
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In contrast to Kohlberg’s view, schema theory, Gender Schema Theory
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holds that children’s intrinsic motivation leads them to acquire gender-consistent interests, values, and behavior as soon as they can identify their own gender
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Gender Schema: mental representations incorporating everything they know about gender
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Gender schemas
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are also responsible for bias in processing and remembering information about gender
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What are the 4 main gender differneces and who discovered them
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(Maccoby and Jacklin)
– Verbal Ability: Girls > Boys – Visual/Spatial Ability: Boys > Girls – Mathematical Ability: Boys > Girls – Aggression: Boys > Girls |
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Facts and Fictions about Gender
Differences (gender only acounts for 5%) |
• Activity Level: Boys > Girls
• Self-Esteem: Boys > Girls • Developmental Vulnerability: Boys > Girls • Emotional Expressivity: -Boys > Girls on anger -Girls > boys on other emotions; -Boys = Girls on empathy • Compliance: Girls > Boys • Fear, Timidity: Girls > Boys • Outward Empathy: Girls>Boys |
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what is gender constancy
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the realization that gender is
invariant in spite of superficial changes in appearance or activities |
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