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68 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Psychology
science of behavior and mental process; human and animals
The Law of Parsimony
Principle that simple explanations of phenomena are preferred to complex explanations.
Mean
average: add numbers then divide by how many there are.
Median
put numbers in order, then pick the middle number
Mode
occurs the most
placebo effect
positive effects associated with a persons beliefs
case study
in depth analysis of one person
naturalistic observations
observe someone in their natural environment
correlation research
research that looks for a connection. "what causes what?"
"correlation doesn't = "cause-ation"
correlation coefficient
number ranging between -1 and +1 that represents the degree and direction of relation between 2 variables.
positive correlation
2 things going the same direction
negative correlation
2 things going the opposite direction
structuralism
its goal was to analyze the basic elements of conscious experience
The nervous system
sensing, processing and responding
Central Nervous System (CNS)
neurons in the spine
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
motor neurons that go to your fingers
The Endocrine System
major role in controlling behavior and mental processes. system of glands that produce and secrete chemicals
The Thyroid Glands
located below larynx that releases hormones including thryoxine which has wide-spread effects throughout the body via effects on metabolic rate.
Neurons
Dendrite
Soman
Axon
Terminal buttons
Dendrite
short, branch-like structure of a neuron that recieves info from receptors and other neurons
Soma
cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus.
Axon
long part of a neuron that transmits info to other neurons, muscles and glands
Terminal Buttons
component of a neuron located at the ends of the axon where neurotransmitters are stored.
synapse
made up of 3 parts.
dendrites
one neuron
gap (synaptic gap)
agnostic
any drug that enhances neurotransmitters activity. Ex: caffine
antagonist
to block pain. Ex: ibuprofin
computerized brain imaging
monitor where glucose goes in brain
hindbrain
reptile brain, in back. to regulate functions, related to survival cerrebellum.
major parts of brain
hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
midbrain
contains reticular formation
corpus callosum
wide band of neural fibers that connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain.
limbic system
regulates emotions and motivated behaviors
plastic brain
idea that brain changes
sensation
activation of receptor cells
perception
interpretation
transduction
conversion of stimuli to neural impulse. Ex: putting hand on stove.
adaption
bodies process of adapting to the same stimuli.
Just Noticable Difference (JND)
smallest difference between two stimuli that is noticeable 50% of the time.
radiant light
radiates from something
reflected light
reflects off something
rods
most prevelant visual receptors have a lower threshold and lower acuity than cones. look like rods.
cones
visual receptors that are less prevelant than rods, have a higher threshold and higher acuity and are able to detect color. look like cones.
audition theory
1) wave length-light waves and sound waves
2) amplitude-measured with numbers, the intensity
3) purity-sound waves, are they all the same length? pure pitch or pure sound.
Taste
gustation
smell
olfactory. mix easily in the air. lock in key theory in nose.
shape constancy
stays constant. tendency to percieve the shape
size constancy
stays constant. tendency to perceive the size
depth perception
1) binocular cues
2) monecular cues
ability to judge and locate objects
apparent motion
appears to be moving, but is not
consciousness
awareness-
personal aware of feelings, sensations.
circadian rhythms
biological variations that occur on a daily cycle, best time to give medication.
shift work - clockwise
phase delay
phase advance
phase delay
going west where it makes your day seem longer
phase advance
going east where it makes your day seem shorter; causes more jet lag.
sleep cylce
90 minutes
REM sleep (rapid eye movement)
if you go without sleep for a couple days, you will go directly into REM sleep.
1) rapid eye movement
2) biological activity
3) increased brain activity
4) sopressed muscle activity (paralyzed)
REM rebound
if you dont get enough sleep you will go directly to REM
Insomnia
cant fall asleep, effects 30% of people.
-dont lay in bed tossing and turning.
-wake up to early
-wake up several times in the night
sleep apnea
most common in middle aged males who are bigger. stop breathing, then they wake up.
parasomnias
"sleep problems"
enuresis (bed wetting)
large number of children. not a disorder until the age 5
intent content
"hidden" symbolic meaning of dream
psychoactive substances
chemicals that affect consciousness, perception, mood and behavior.
substance abuse
leads to behavior that can lead to personal safety
substance dependence
goes to the point of addiction
alcohol
#1 depressant, weight gain.
40% of all traffic deaths are due to alcohol.
barbiturates
depressant drug used to help sleep.
marijuana
hallucinogen, most popular. acts on people mellowing them out.