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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology
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science of behavior and mental process; human and animals
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The Law of Parsimony
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Principle that simple explanations of phenomena are preferred to complex explanations.
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Mean
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average: add numbers then divide by how many there are.
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Median
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put numbers in order, then pick the middle number
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Mode
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occurs the most
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placebo effect
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positive effects associated with a persons beliefs
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case study
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in depth analysis of one person
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naturalistic observations
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observe someone in their natural environment
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correlation research
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research that looks for a connection. "what causes what?"
"correlation doesn't = "cause-ation" |
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correlation coefficient
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number ranging between -1 and +1 that represents the degree and direction of relation between 2 variables.
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positive correlation
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2 things going the same direction
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negative correlation
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2 things going the opposite direction
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structuralism
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its goal was to analyze the basic elements of conscious experience
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The nervous system
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sensing, processing and responding
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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neurons in the spine
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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motor neurons that go to your fingers
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The Endocrine System
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major role in controlling behavior and mental processes. system of glands that produce and secrete chemicals
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The Thyroid Glands
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located below larynx that releases hormones including thryoxine which has wide-spread effects throughout the body via effects on metabolic rate.
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Neurons
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Dendrite
Soman Axon Terminal buttons |
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Dendrite
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short, branch-like structure of a neuron that recieves info from receptors and other neurons
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Soma
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cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus.
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Axon
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long part of a neuron that transmits info to other neurons, muscles and glands
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Terminal Buttons
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component of a neuron located at the ends of the axon where neurotransmitters are stored.
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synapse
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made up of 3 parts.
dendrites one neuron gap (synaptic gap) |
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agnostic
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any drug that enhances neurotransmitters activity. Ex: caffine
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antagonist
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to block pain. Ex: ibuprofin
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computerized brain imaging
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monitor where glucose goes in brain
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hindbrain
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reptile brain, in back. to regulate functions, related to survival cerrebellum.
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major parts of brain
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hindbrain
midbrain forebrain |
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midbrain
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contains reticular formation
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corpus callosum
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wide band of neural fibers that connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain.
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limbic system
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regulates emotions and motivated behaviors
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plastic brain
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idea that brain changes
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sensation
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activation of receptor cells
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perception
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interpretation
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transduction
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conversion of stimuli to neural impulse. Ex: putting hand on stove.
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adaption
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bodies process of adapting to the same stimuli.
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Just Noticable Difference (JND)
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smallest difference between two stimuli that is noticeable 50% of the time.
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radiant light
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radiates from something
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reflected light
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reflects off something
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rods
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most prevelant visual receptors have a lower threshold and lower acuity than cones. look like rods.
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cones
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visual receptors that are less prevelant than rods, have a higher threshold and higher acuity and are able to detect color. look like cones.
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audition theory
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1) wave length-light waves and sound waves
2) amplitude-measured with numbers, the intensity 3) purity-sound waves, are they all the same length? pure pitch or pure sound. |
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Taste
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gustation
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smell
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olfactory. mix easily in the air. lock in key theory in nose.
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shape constancy
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stays constant. tendency to percieve the shape
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size constancy
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stays constant. tendency to perceive the size
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depth perception
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1) binocular cues
2) monecular cues ability to judge and locate objects |
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apparent motion
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appears to be moving, but is not
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consciousness
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awareness-
personal aware of feelings, sensations. |
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circadian rhythms
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biological variations that occur on a daily cycle, best time to give medication.
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shift work - clockwise
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phase delay
phase advance |
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phase delay
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going west where it makes your day seem longer
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phase advance
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going east where it makes your day seem shorter; causes more jet lag.
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sleep cylce
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90 minutes
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REM sleep (rapid eye movement)
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if you go without sleep for a couple days, you will go directly into REM sleep.
1) rapid eye movement 2) biological activity 3) increased brain activity 4) sopressed muscle activity (paralyzed) |
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REM rebound
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if you dont get enough sleep you will go directly to REM
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Insomnia
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cant fall asleep, effects 30% of people.
-dont lay in bed tossing and turning. -wake up to early -wake up several times in the night |
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sleep apnea
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most common in middle aged males who are bigger. stop breathing, then they wake up.
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parasomnias
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"sleep problems"
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enuresis (bed wetting)
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large number of children. not a disorder until the age 5
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intent content
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"hidden" symbolic meaning of dream
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psychoactive substances
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chemicals that affect consciousness, perception, mood and behavior.
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substance abuse
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leads to behavior that can lead to personal safety
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substance dependence
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goes to the point of addiction
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alcohol
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#1 depressant, weight gain.
40% of all traffic deaths are due to alcohol. |
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barbiturates
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depressant drug used to help sleep.
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marijuana
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hallucinogen, most popular. acts on people mellowing them out.
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