Gen Psych Exam 4

Front 1

What is stress?

Back 1

a persons response to events that are threatening or challenging

Front 2

3 catagories of stressors

Back 2

1) cataclysmic events

2)personal

3) background

Front 3

What is Seyles theory, and what are the 3 stages?

Back 3

General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of 3 stages:

1)alarm and mobilization

2) resistence

3) exhaustion

Front 4

what is coping?

Back 4

the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress

Front 5

what are the 3 components (3 Cs) of hardiness?

Back 5

1) commitment

2) challenge

3) control

Front 6

What are defense mechanisms?

Back 6

Unconscious strategies to maintain personal sense of control and self worth by distorting or denying reality

Front 7

4 defense mechanisms:

Back 7

1) denial

2) rationalization

3) projection

4) repression

Front 8

What did Suzanne Kobasa focus on?

Back 8

Personality, specifically type A

Front 9

What is hardiness?

Back 9

defusing stress by appraising it positively and taking direct action

Front 10

3 development issues:

Back 10

1) Nature vs. nurture

2) stability and change

3) continuity and discontinuity

Front 11

What does "cephalocaudally" mean?

Back 11

Head to tail.

Front 12

4 prenatal influences:

Back 12

1) mother's nutrition/emotional state

2) mother's illness

3) mother's use of drugs

4) birth complications

Front 13

3 prenatal stages:

Back 13

1) Germinal, i.e. conception(0 weeks), zygote(0-2 weeks)

2) Embryonic, i.e. embryo(2-8 weeks)

3) Fetal, i.e. fetus (8-38 weeks)

Front 14

4 stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory

Back 14

1) Sensorimotor (birth-2 years), motor skills

2) Preoperational (2-7 years), language

3)Concrete operational (7-12 years), conservation

4) Formal operational (12-adulthood), logical thinking & abstract thought

Front 15

Kohlberg 3 stages of moral development

Back 15

1) Pre-conventional (egocentric): values reflect external pressure; punishment/reward

2)Conventional (societal): Values maintain conventional social order & expectations of others; conform to authority, "good boy, nice girl"

3) Post-conventional (principled): values reside in adhering to universal principles & standards; obligation to the social contract, moral

Front 16

According to Kohlberg, what is the key to morality?

Back 16

Justice and fairness

Front 17

How does Gilligan's work differ from Kohlberg's, and what are her 3 stages?

Back 17

Focused on women. She believed that the key to morality was responisibilty toward individuals and making sacrifices.

1) Orientation to individual survival(selfish concerns)

2) Goodness as self-sacrifice (increasing responsibility to others)

3) Morality of non-violence (do the greatest good for self & others)

Front 18

According to Freud, what are the 2 types of energy?

Back 18

1) Eros = life = libido = organic/ love(sexual)

2) Thanatos = death = aggression = inorganic

Front 19

What are the 3 parts of Freud's personality structure?

Back 19

1) ID - pleasure principles = avoid pain/maximize pleasure (instincts)

2) Ego - reality principles = mediator, reasoning (objective reality)

3) Superego - reality principles = judge/control behavior, internalizing parents (conscience)

Front 20

What are Freud's 5 stages of psychosexual personality development?

Back 20

1) Oral - first year

2) Anal - second year

3) Phallic - 3-5 years; longing for affection. oedipus/electra complexes

4)Latency - 5 years-puberty; repression of sexual impulses

5) Genital - puberty; self-gratification, desire for a mate

Front 21

3 types of anxiety, according to Freud:

Back 21

1) Neurotic - ego overwhelmed by id (unacceptable behavior)

2) Moral - ego overwhelmed by superego (ego is threatened)

3) Reality - external environment overwhelms ego

Front 22

Who is Erik Erikson?

Back 22

Born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902, moved to the US in 1933, died in 1994. Studied 3 things: gender differences in play construction, conflict resolutions, & social development.

Front 23

3 differences between Freud and Erikson?

Back 23

1) Freud: Id, Erikson: Ego

2) Freud: father/mother/child triangle, Erikson: individual in context of family and social

3) Freud: unconscious, Erikson: developmental opportunities in crises

Front 24

According to Erikson, what are the 3 steps in the concept of development?

Back 24

1) Universally experienced sequence of biological, psychological, & social events

2) Step by step process

3) Unresolved conflicts can be resolved later if necessary

Front 25

According to Erikson, the 8 stages of man:

Back 25

1) 0-1 - trust vs. mistrust

2) 1-3 - autonomy vs. shame & doubt

3) 3-5 - initiative vs. guilt

4) 6-11 - industry vs. inferiority

5) 11-18/22 - identity vs. role confusion

6) early adult - intimacy vs. isolation

7) middle adult - generativity vs. stagnation

8) old adult - integrity vs. despair

Front 26

Piaget's 4 key terms/concepts:

Back 26

1) Schemata: building blocks, files of knowledge

2) Assimilation: putting data into existing files

3) Accommodation: changing/adding files based on experiences. Create new, modify old

4) Equilibrium: balance between too many files & too much information

Front 27

5 stages of death, according to Kubler-Ross:

Back 27

1) Denial

2) Anger

3) Bargaining

4) Depression

5) acceptance

Front 28

What kind of development did these psychologists study?

1)Kohlberg & Gilligan

2) Erikson

3) Piaget

4) Freud

Back 28

1) Moral

2) Psychosocial

3) Cognitive

4) Psychosexual

Front 29

What is personality?

Back 29

The pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.

Front 30

What is the psychodynamic approach?

Back 30

The believ that behavior is motivated primarily by unconscious forces (Freud).

Front 31

2 main characteristics of a good test?

Back 31

Reliability & validity