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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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causes of acute abdomen pain (9)
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-tubal pregnancy
-pic -mesenteric vascular occlusion -pancreatitis -appendicitis -peptic ulcer -Crohn's disease -diverticulitis -urolithiasis |
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hernia (3)
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-gut protrudes through weakened peritoneum
-usually inguinal or femoral canals -may result in tissue necrosis |
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colon multiple polyp ds's (2)
precancerous? |
-juvenile polyposis
-peutz-jeghers: aut.dom. pigmentation -no |
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villous adenoma:
appearance (2) precancerous? sign location |
-sessile (broad base)
-cauliflower -malignant transformation high -rectal bleeding -sigmoid |
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3 common gut malignancies
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Adenocarcinoma: epithelium lining
Lymphoma: lymphocyes in wall Carcinoid tumors: Kulchitsky cells (enteroendocrine cells -> produce serotonin (5-HT)) |
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Adenocarcinoma:
def population location mutations (3) symptoms (3) |
-malignancy in gut epithelium
-elderly, males -rectosigmoid -APC, p53m DCC -irregular/frequent bm's, cramping, melena (bloody) |
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gut lymphomas, sarcomas:
sign prognosis |
-obstruction
-good prognosis for GI and MALT lymphomas |
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unconjugated biliruben
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-bound to albumin in blood
-cannot be excreted in urin |
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conjugated biliruben (4)
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-H2O soluble
-aka bilimbin diglucuronide -is converted to urobilinogen in intestines -some then resorbed by portal vein |
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3 causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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1) excess bilirubin production: (hemolytic jaundice)
2) reduced hepatic uptake: Gilbert's ds 3) impaired conjugation: (crigler-najjar) |
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post-hepatic/obstructive jaundice (3)
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-blockage of bile flow outside the liver
-caused by gallstones, carcinomas of ducts, ampulla, or pancreas -bile cannot reach gut, :. hypoprothrombinemia |
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chief sign of cirrhosis
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-jaundice
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plasma proteins synth'ed in liver
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-albumin
-prothrombin (extrinsic) -beta-globulins |
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gynecomastia
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-caused by inability to catabolize estrogens (in men...only?)
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ascitis
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-abdomenal edema
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caput medusae
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-umbilical vein dilation
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3 major forms of cirrhosis
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-alcoholic/laennec's
-biliary -post-necrotic |
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first identifiable change in alcoholic cirrhosis
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Fatty metamorphosis, may be caused by:
-fat mobilization for storage -decreased lipid breakdown -increased synth |
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Irreversible hepatocyte damage is preceded by
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-alcoholic hyalin deposition
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Infectious Hep (type A):
incubation symptom/signs bilirubin |
- 3-6 weeks
-abrupt fever, malaise -increase in both conjugated and unconjugated --> jaundice |
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HBV:
serum |
-HBsAg, HBcAg, HBeAg
-increased bilirubin, ALT (liver enzyme) |
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Ghon complex (3)
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-forms in primary TB
-lung lesion -includes infected site, and associated lymph node |
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4 stages of pneumonia
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-congestion
-red hepatization -grey hepatization -resolution |
