Gen Med Exam 1

Front 1

What are the normal intervals for
QT
QRS
PR?

Back 1

QT- 1/2 of previous RR interval
QRS- 1-2.5 boxes
RP- 3.5 boxes

Front 2

What is the rate of
Ventricle
Junctional
Atrial muscle?

Back 2

Ventricular 20-40
Junctional- 40-60
Atrial 60-80

Front 3

Primary AV BLock

Back 3

PRimary has a PRolonged PR interval >5 boxes

Front 4

2nd Degree Wenceback AV block

Back 4

PR interval gradually lengthens in successive cycles but the last P wave fails to conduct to the ventricles

Front 5

3rd Degree Mobitz block

Back 5

Bundle of HIS defect
multiple P waves to 1 ventricular contraction

Front 6

RBBB vs LBBB

Back 6

Right is the Bunny ears- L comes first the R fires
Left is the raised "bitten carrot" where right fires first then left

Front 7

RAH vs LAH

Back 7

RAH/E- Terminal compnent of a diphasic p wave is larger
LAH/E- initial component of a diphasic P wave in V1 is larger

Front 8

LVH vs RVH

Back 8

LVH- Lenthened R wave in V1
RVH- lengthened R wave in V5

Front 9

EKG: Ischemia

Back 9

t-wave is typically symmmetrically inverted

Front 10

EKG: ST elevation

Back 10

acute or recent injury

Front 11

EKG: ST depression

Back 11

Subendocardial infarction
Stress/Strain
Digitalis

Front 12

EKG: Q-wave

Back 12

indicates infarction or necrosis

Front 13

Lateral infarction
Anterior Infarction
Inferior Infarction

Back 13

Qwaves and ST elevations (look for both)
I, AVL
V1-4
II, III, AVF

Front 14

EKG: Hypokalemia

Back 14

As the serum K drops below normal the levels of the T wave becomes flat or inverted and a U wave appers
U wave

Front 15

DIgitalis effect

Back 15

Lowet portion fo the ST sement is depressed below the baseline (Salvador Dali's mustache)

Front 16

EKG: COPD

Back 16

often produces low voltage amplitude in ALL leads
usually there is a R axis deviation

Front 17

Automaticity causes

Back 17

It is the interference with the generation of the action potential,
Cause by
Vascular occlusion, tissue infiltration
Metabolic (hypothyroid)
Toxic (liver failure)
Drugs
Atrial Stretch

Front 18

Causes of Tachycardia

Back 18

Metabolic (hyperthyroidism, K+ disturbances)
Most common : STRETCH

Front 19

ReEntry is the most common cause of

Back 19

Tachycardia and PSVT

Front 20

Describe a unidirectional Block wiith Re-entry

Back 20

Unudirectional block in normal pathway with slow conduction over the alternat path followed by retrograde re-excitation of initially blocked pathway

Front 21

What is the Tx for bradycardia?

Back 21

Pacemaker

Front 22

Sinus tachycardia

Back 22

can happen with exercise,
Irritable SA node or Atrial foci
MAT; PAC

Front 23

Primary cause of MAT (multifocal Atrial Tach)

Back 23

COPD

Front 24

PSVT

Back 24

Usually re-entry w/ atrium or AVnode accessory pathway
Skinny QRS >100 rate
delta wave (look at image)
Prevent with BB, CCB, Digoxin, Raiofrequency

Front 25

Treatment of PSVT

Back 25

Vagaal maneuvers,
Propanolol, IV adenosine

Front 26

WPW/LGL

Back 26

Congenital Accessory pathway that causes re-entry, has a very SHORT PR interval (<3 boxes) cause premature ventricular depolarization
TX: BB, CCCB, Digi
1st choice- radiofrequency ablation

Front 27

Atrial Flutter

Back 27

SAW-TOOTH
can be 2:1, 3:1
pattern of Reentry
Treat the underlyling cause after you slow that sucker down with BB or DIGITALIS (slows av conduction)

Front 28

Ventricular Tach

Back 28

>3 consecutive ventricular contractions
"sustained Vtach >30 seconds = emergency)
-usually due to ischemic heart disease and or acute MI
-PROLONGED QT Syndrome

Front 29

Torsades De Points

Back 29

VFib with twisting axis
associated with congenital Long QT syndrome

Front 30

Axis changes in hypertrophy and infarct

Back 30

HTpy- Vector points toward the hypertrophied side
INfarct- points away from the infarcted side

Front 31

lead I and AVF charges in
Normal
RAD
LAD
E. RAD

Back 31

Norm Both +
RAD AVF +
LAD I+
E. RAD Both -

Front 32

Degrees of Glory with each Lead

Back 32

I-0
II-60
F+90
III+120
L-30
R- 150