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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Urinary tract infection |
Lower/upper urinary tract S/s: dysuria, fever, cramps, lower abdominal pain, hematuria Tx: antibiotics |
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Sports hematuria |
Abnormal presence of RBC in the urine S/S: presents asymptomatic. Can be caused by trauma Tx: rest 24-72 hours |
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Hydrocele |
Accumulation of fluid around a testicle. Swelling in the scrotum S/s: scrotum pain, increased fluid collection Tx: surgical intervention |
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Varicocele |
Enlargment of the veins within scrotum. Dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and internal spermatic vein within scrotum S/s: aching pain in the scrotum |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Bacterial infection of the upper genital tract. Originated from the lower genital tract. S/s: dyspareunia, lower abdominal tenderness, abnormal vaginal bleeding Tx: antibacterial medication |
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Ectopic pregnancy |
Fertile egg implants outside the normal lining of the uterus S/s: amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, pain Tx: abort fetus through methotrexate |
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Syphillis |
Sexually acquired disease by the organism. Bacterial infection caused by the Treponema pallidum bacteria stage 1- soreness at the point of contact with infected person Stage 2- rash, mucous membrane erosion, fever, headache, weight loss, and hair loss Stage 3- after 2 years reappearance of lesions and rash Stage 4- degeneration of cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal and visual system Tx: penicillin |
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Gonorrhea |
Bacterial infection STD caused by neisseri gonorrhea S/s: discomfort of urethra, (vaginal discharge) yellow/green urethral discharge, frequency voiding, dysuria Tx: ceftriaxone, medication to treat chlamydia |
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Chlamydia (trachomatis) |
Bacterial infection. Gram negative Bacteria uses host cells to reproduce S/s: urethral discharge, dysuria, fever, infertility, epididymitis, chronic pelvic pain. Tx: tetracycline, doxycycline |
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Marfan syndrome |
Hereditary disorder of connective tissue resulting in abnormally long and thin digits S/s: disproportion of limbs, weakened and abnormality of aorta, extreme nearsightedness, homocystinuria (metabolism disorder). Tx: cannot be cured, losartan |
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Arrhythmias |
Misfiring of the Electrical pathway that synchronized and controls contracture of the atria and ventricle |
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Long QT syndrome |
Ventricle repolarization (QT prolonged) S/s: syncope, fatal ventricle arrhythmia Tx: beta blockers |
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Wolf Parkinson’s |
Ventricle pre-exacitation and tachycardia from electrical conduction over accessory pathway Tx: surgical |
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DVT |
Blood clot becomes lodged in a large vein S/s: limb pain, swelling, increased pain by standing or walking Tx: anticoagulant (aspirin) |
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Anemia |
Decreased RBC or hemoglobin concentration in blood S/s: weakness, fatigued, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension Tx: ferrous sulfate 325mg 3x day |
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Sickle cell trait |
Defect of RBC causing decreased RBC and hemoglobin S/s: hyperventilation, cramping, tachycardia, weakness of lower extremity, increased in hot/humid environment Tx: hydroxyurea (droxia/hydrea) |
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Asthma |
Reversible airway obstruction (obstruction due to inflammation or spasm) triggered by anxiety, smoke, exercise, allergies and stress S/s: SOB attacks, wheezing, tight chest, dry cough Tx: inhaled B-agonist both long and short acting. Steroids oral or inhaled |
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Emphysema: destruction of alveoli Chronic bronchitis: excessive mucous production with Upper Airway obstruction |
Non-reversible airway obstruction S/s: wheezing, barrel chest, smokers cough, ruddy skin color, high respiratory rates Tx: cough suppressants, anti-inflammatory antipyretic medications, fluids |
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Pneumonia (caused by viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens) |
Any condition resulting in inflammation of the lung parenchyma S/s: SOB, dark sputum, cough, diaphragmatic irritation, abdominal pain, elevated respiratory rate Tx: antibiotics |
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Influenza |
Viral infection usually around the fall and winter months S/s: fatigue, nasal congestion, muscular weakness and pain, loss of appetite, SOB Tx: rest, analgesics, if diagnosed with him 48 hours give antiviral medications |
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Tuberculosis |
Bacterial infection in the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis S/s: fever, weight loss, blood in the sputum, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue Tx: chemoprophylaxis and antibiotics |
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Pneumothorax |
Collapsed lung due to air or gas is trapped in the chest wall. S/s: sudden onset of chest pain, SOB, trachea shifts from affected lung Tx: aspiration of air using a catheter |
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Hemothorax |
Blood is in the pleural space results from trauma to the chest wall (rib fx) S/s: SOB, respiratory distress, sudden onset of chest pain, cough that exacerbates chest pain Tx: drain blood and fix active bleeding |
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Irritable bowl syndrome |
Gastrointestinal chronic disorder with abnormal cycles of muscle contractions and relaxation S/s: diarrhea, constipation, upper abdominal bloating, abdominal pain Tx: stress management, increased fiber, OTCs |
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Cholelithiasis |
Gallbladder stones S/s: often cause no symptoms (sometimes nausea and vomiting) Tx: surgical interventi |
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Cholecystitis |
Inflammation of the gallbladder S/s: RUQ pain- Murphy sign Tx: surgery |
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Crohn’s disease (ileitis) |
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the lining of the digestive tract S/s: abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition Tx: NSAIDs, immunosuppressive drugs |
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Asthma |
Reversible airway obstruction (inflammation and spasm) that results from hyperactive or twitching airway S/S: shortness of breath, wheezing, tight chest, dry cough Tx: inhaled long and short acting B-agonist, oral and inhaled steroids |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
Nonreversible airway obstruction Emphysema- destruction of alveoli Chronic Bronchitis- excessive mucus production S/S: long term smoker, high respiratory rate, wheezing, ruddy skin color, barrel chest, smokers cough Tx: antinflammatory antipyretic meds, cough suppressants, oxygen therapy, mucolyties, fluids, inhaled anticholinesc, glucorticosteroids |
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Pneumonia |
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma, usually caused by infection from viral, bacterial or fungal S/S: shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, dark sputum, labored breathing, diaphragmatic irritation, abdominal pain, mild elevated respiratory rate Tx: antibiotics, fluids, cough suppressants |
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Influenza (flu) |
Viral infection usually around fall and winter months S/S: fever, muscle aches, chest pain, fatigue, nasal congestion, head aches, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, loss of appetite Tx: bed rest, fluids, analgesics, if diagnosed w/in 48 hours can take antiviral meds to shorten by 1 day |
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Tuberculosis (TB) |
Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis a Involves mainly the lungs S/S: fatigue, fever, weight loss, cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, enlarged/ tender lymph nodes |
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Pneumothorax and Hemothorax |
Pneumothorax- gas/ air getting trapped in chest wall and causes lung to collapse Hemothorax- blood in pleural space, usually due to chest trauma (rib fix) S/S: sudden onset of chest pain, tachypneina, cough, Tx: aspiration of air, drain blood |
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GERD (Heartburn and Gastroephageal Reflux Disease |
Stomach acid that travels up through the lower esophageal sphincter into esophagus S/S: heartburn, chest pain, vomiting, cough, laryngitis Tx: lifestyle changes, OTCs |
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Cholecystisis and Cholelithlasis |
Cholecystisis- inflammation of gallbladder, caused by gallstones Cholelithlasis- formation of gallstones S/S: RUQ pain-Murphy’s sign, nausea, vomiting, usually no s/s Tx: surgery |
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) |
Crohn’s Disease -Chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, usually colon, associated with ulcers. Ulcerative colitis- inflammation with ulcer formation in the lining of colon S/S: abdominal pain, cramping, weight loss, bloody diarrhea, anemia Tx: anti inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, aminosalicylates |
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Otitis Externa |
Inflammation or infection of external auditory canal and tympanic membrane S/S: pain, itching, burning, drainage, pain w/ pulling of pinna Tx: ear drops, antibiotics, topical steroids |
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Otitis Media |
Inflammation of the middle ear w/ presence of fluid in middle ear S/S: pain, fever, feeling of fullness in ear, dizziness, tinnitus, diminished hearing Tx: antibiotics (amoxicillin) |
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Allergic Rhinitis |
Allergies. Hypersensitivity response to nasally inhaled allergens causing sneezing and rhinorrhea (excess of mucus) S/S: clear nasal discharges, sneezing, nasal congestion, cough, sensation of plugged ears, itchy and watery eyes Tx: antihistamines (loratadine), sodium cromolyn |
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Nonallergic Rhinitis |
Viral, bacterial or vasomotor inflammation or infection of the nasal passages S/S: nasal obstruction, clean rhinorrhea, sneezing, watery eyes Tx: antihistamines, sodium cromolyn |
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Sinusitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membrane and nasal cavity S/S: hx of upper respiratory infection, nasal discharge, facial tightness, pain, fever, cough, nasal obstruction, headache Tx: saline nasal spray, antibiotics, fluids |
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Pharyngitis and tonsillitis |
Inflammation of the Pharynx, usually caused by bacterial infection tonsillitis- inflammation of tonsils can be viral or bacterial S/S: sore throat, pain with swallowing, chills, fever, inflamed mucous membrane, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, cough, swollen tonsils and lymph nodes Tx: antibiotics (penicillin), fluids, acetaminophen |
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Oral candidasis |
Yeast infection of the mouth and throat caused by fungus Candida albicans S/s: white lesions in mouth, pain, cheese like appearance, redness, burning, soreness Tx: oral rinse of nystatin, antifungal (diflucan) |
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Dental Diseases |
Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums caused by bacteria from poor hygiene Perlodontitis- from untreated Gingivitis. Receding gum line, loss of alveolar bone. Tx: oral hygiene, antibiotics, removal of plaque |
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Stroke |
Lack of oxygen to the brain that can cause paralysis and other neurological damage S/S: blood in urine, numbness/ weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, vision difficulties, dizziness, headache TX: IV, antiplatelet, heparin, aspirin, post stroke rehab |
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
Demyelination disorder if the spinal roots and peripheral nerves. Often preceded by a respiratory infection causing weakness or paralysis of the limbs S/S: distal muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, numbness, parenthesia, aches, pains, sensory deficits TX: no cure, rehab, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin |
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Epilepsy |
Caused by abdominal discharges of electrical activity in the brain S/S: LOC, motor and sensory deficits, numbness/ tingling TX: make area safe, put athlete in recovery position |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
Chronic progressive disease causing damage to the sheaths of the nerve cells in brain and spinal cord S/S: lack of balance, spasticity, fatigue, vision problems, dizziness, pain, numbness, bowel disfunction, cognitive changes TX: no cure, interferon beta-1A, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer, |
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) |
Progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the CNS, leading to muscle wearing and paralysis S/S: fatigue, loss of balance, difficulty w/ small motor function, difficulty swallowing, hyperreflaxia, weight loss, slurred speech TX: riluzole, baclofen, diazepam, trihexyphenidyl, amitriptyline |
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Bell’s Palsy |
Paralysis to facial nerve (CN 7) causing muscle weakness to one side of the face S/S: inability to perform facial movements, blindness, ulcers, inability to chew on one side TX: corticosteroids |
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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome |
Chronic pain condition w/o obvious cause of the degree of pain S/S: pain in joints, increased pain w/ weight bearing, Autonomic dysfunction,Edema, Sweating, nerve hypersensitivity, delayed injury recovery, vasomotor disturbances TX: early motion, pain control, NDAIDS, tricyclic antidepressants, oral or objected steroids |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
Infectious disease that is transported through bodily fluids from an infected person S/S: malaise, fever, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, thrush TX: no vaccine for HIV, zidovudine helps delay AIDS |
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PPE |
Immunization Illness
Musculosketal injuries Medications |