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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Urinary tract infection

Lower/upper urinary tract


S/s: dysuria, fever, cramps, lower abdominal pain, hematuria


Tx: antibiotics

Sports hematuria

Abnormal presence of RBC in the urine


S/S: presents asymptomatic. Can be caused by trauma


Tx: rest 24-72 hours

Hydrocele

Accumulation of fluid around a testicle. Swelling in the scrotum


S/s: scrotum pain, increased fluid collection


Tx: surgical intervention

Varicocele

Enlargment of the veins within scrotum. Dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and internal spermatic vein within scrotum


S/s: aching pain in the scrotum

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Bacterial infection of the upper genital tract. Originated from the lower genital tract.


S/s: dyspareunia, lower abdominal tenderness, abnormal vaginal bleeding


Tx: antibacterial medication

Ectopic pregnancy

Fertile egg implants outside the normal lining of the uterus


S/s: amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, pain


Tx: abort fetus through methotrexate

Syphillis

Sexually acquired disease by the organism. Bacterial infection caused by the Treponema pallidum bacteria


stage 1- soreness at the point of contact with infected person


Stage 2- rash, mucous membrane erosion, fever, headache, weight loss, and hair loss


Stage 3- after 2 years reappearance of lesions and rash


Stage 4- degeneration of cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal and visual system


Tx: penicillin

Gonorrhea

Bacterial infection STD caused by neisseri gonorrhea


S/s: discomfort of urethra, (vaginal discharge) yellow/green urethral discharge, frequency voiding, dysuria


Tx: ceftriaxone, medication to treat chlamydia

Chlamydia (trachomatis)

Bacterial infection. Gram negative Bacteria uses host cells to reproduce


S/s: urethral discharge, dysuria, fever, infertility, epididymitis, chronic pelvic pain.


Tx: tetracycline, doxycycline

Marfan syndrome

Hereditary disorder of connective tissue resulting in abnormally long and thin digits


S/s: disproportion of limbs, weakened and abnormality of aorta, extreme nearsightedness, homocystinuria (metabolism disorder).


Tx: cannot be cured, losartan

Arrhythmias

Misfiring of the Electrical pathway that synchronized and controls contracture of the atria and ventricle

Long QT syndrome

Ventricle repolarization (QT prolonged)


S/s: syncope, fatal ventricle arrhythmia


Tx: beta blockers

Wolf Parkinson’s

Ventricle pre-exacitation and tachycardia from electrical conduction over accessory pathway


Tx: surgical

DVT

Blood clot becomes lodged in a large vein


S/s: limb pain, swelling, increased pain by standing or walking


Tx: anticoagulant (aspirin)

Anemia

Decreased RBC or hemoglobin concentration in blood


S/s: weakness, fatigued, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension


Tx: ferrous sulfate 325mg 3x day

Sickle cell trait

Defect of RBC causing decreased RBC and hemoglobin


S/s: hyperventilation, cramping, tachycardia, weakness of lower extremity, increased in hot/humid environment


Tx: hydroxyurea (droxia/hydrea)

Asthma

Reversible airway obstruction (obstruction due to inflammation or spasm) triggered by anxiety, smoke, exercise, allergies and stress


S/s: SOB attacks, wheezing, tight chest, dry cough


Tx: inhaled B-agonist both long and short acting. Steroids oral or inhaled

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease


Emphysema: destruction of alveoli


Chronic bronchitis: excessive mucous production with Upper Airway obstruction

Non-reversible airway obstruction


S/s: wheezing, barrel chest, smokers cough, ruddy skin color, high respiratory rates


Tx: cough suppressants, anti-inflammatory antipyretic medications, fluids

Pneumonia (caused by viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens)

Any condition resulting in inflammation of the lung parenchyma


S/s: SOB, dark sputum, cough, diaphragmatic irritation, abdominal pain, elevated respiratory rate


Tx: antibiotics

Influenza

Viral infection usually around the fall and winter months


S/s: fatigue, nasal congestion, muscular weakness and pain, loss of appetite, SOB


Tx: rest, analgesics, if diagnosed with him 48 hours give antiviral medications

Tuberculosis

Bacterial infection in the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis


S/s: fever, weight loss, blood in the sputum, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue


Tx: chemoprophylaxis and antibiotics

Pneumothorax

Collapsed lung due to air or gas is trapped in the chest wall.


S/s: sudden onset of chest pain, SOB, trachea shifts from affected lung


Tx: aspiration of air using a catheter

Hemothorax

Blood is in the pleural space results from trauma to the chest wall (rib fx)


S/s: SOB, respiratory distress, sudden onset of chest pain, cough that exacerbates chest pain


Tx: drain blood and fix active bleeding

Irritable bowl syndrome

Gastrointestinal chronic disorder with abnormal cycles of muscle contractions and relaxation


S/s: diarrhea, constipation, upper abdominal bloating, abdominal pain


Tx: stress management, increased fiber, OTCs

Cholelithiasis

Gallbladder stones


S/s: often cause no symptoms (sometimes nausea and vomiting)


Tx: surgical interventi

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder


S/s: RUQ pain- Murphy sign


Tx: surgery

Crohn’s disease (ileitis)

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the lining of the digestive tract


S/s: abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition


Tx: NSAIDs, immunosuppressive drugs

Asthma

Reversible airway obstruction (inflammation and spasm) that results from hyperactive or twitching airway


S/S: shortness of breath, wheezing, tight chest, dry cough


Tx: inhaled long and short acting B-agonist, oral and inhaled steroids

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Nonreversible airway obstruction


Emphysema- destruction of alveoli


Chronic Bronchitis- excessive mucus production


S/S: long term smoker, high respiratory rate, wheezing, ruddy skin color, barrel chest, smokers cough


Tx: antinflammatory antipyretic meds, cough suppressants, oxygen therapy, mucolyties, fluids, inhaled anticholinesc, glucorticosteroids

Pneumonia

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma, usually caused by infection from viral, bacterial or fungal


S/S: shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, dark sputum, labored breathing, diaphragmatic irritation, abdominal pain, mild elevated respiratory rate


Tx: antibiotics, fluids, cough suppressants

Influenza (flu)

Viral infection usually around fall and winter months


S/S: fever, muscle aches, chest pain, fatigue, nasal congestion, head aches, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, loss of appetite


Tx: bed rest, fluids, analgesics, if diagnosed w/in 48 hours can take antiviral meds to shorten by 1 day

Tuberculosis (TB)

Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis a


Involves mainly the lungs


S/S: fatigue, fever, weight loss, cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, enlarged/ tender lymph nodes

Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

Pneumothorax- gas/ air getting trapped in chest wall and causes lung to collapse


Hemothorax- blood in pleural space, usually due to chest trauma (rib fix)


S/S: sudden onset of chest pain, tachypneina, cough,


Tx: aspiration of air, drain blood

GERD (Heartburn and Gastroephageal Reflux Disease

Stomach acid that travels up through the lower esophageal sphincter into esophagus


S/S: heartburn, chest pain, vomiting, cough, laryngitis


Tx: lifestyle changes, OTCs

Cholecystisis and Cholelithlasis

Cholecystisis- inflammation of gallbladder, caused by gallstones


Cholelithlasis- formation of gallstones


S/S: RUQ pain-Murphy’s sign, nausea, vomiting, usually no s/s


Tx: surgery

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Crohn’s Disease -Chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, usually colon, associated with ulcers.


Ulcerative colitis- inflammation with ulcer formation in the lining of colon


S/S: abdominal pain, cramping, weight loss, bloody diarrhea, anemia


Tx: anti inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, aminosalicylates

Otitis Externa

Inflammation or infection of external auditory canal and tympanic membrane


S/S: pain, itching, burning, drainage, pain w/ pulling of pinna


Tx: ear drops, antibiotics, topical steroids

Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear w/ presence of fluid in middle ear


S/S: pain, fever, feeling of fullness in ear, dizziness, tinnitus, diminished hearing


Tx: antibiotics (amoxicillin)

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergies. Hypersensitivity response to nasally inhaled allergens causing sneezing and rhinorrhea (excess of mucus)


S/S: clear nasal discharges, sneezing, nasal congestion, cough, sensation of plugged ears, itchy and watery eyes


Tx: antihistamines (loratadine), sodium cromolyn

Nonallergic Rhinitis

Viral, bacterial or vasomotor inflammation or infection of the nasal passages


S/S: nasal obstruction, clean rhinorrhea, sneezing, watery eyes


Tx: antihistamines, sodium cromolyn

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane and nasal cavity


S/S: hx of upper respiratory infection, nasal discharge, facial tightness, pain, fever, cough, nasal obstruction, headache


Tx: saline nasal spray, antibiotics, fluids

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Inflammation of the Pharynx, usually caused by bacterial infection


tonsillitis- inflammation of tonsils can be viral or bacterial


S/S: sore throat, pain with swallowing, chills, fever, inflamed mucous membrane, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, cough, swollen tonsils and lymph nodes


Tx: antibiotics (penicillin), fluids, acetaminophen

Oral candidasis

Yeast infection of the mouth and throat caused by fungus Candida albicans


S/s: white lesions in mouth, pain, cheese like appearance, redness, burning, soreness


Tx: oral rinse of nystatin, antifungal (diflucan)

Dental Diseases

Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums caused by bacteria from poor hygiene


Perlodontitis- from untreated Gingivitis. Receding gum line, loss of alveolar bone.


Tx: oral hygiene, antibiotics, removal of plaque

Stroke

Lack of oxygen to the brain that can cause paralysis and other neurological damage


S/S: blood in urine, numbness/ weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, vision difficulties, dizziness, headache


TX: IV, antiplatelet, heparin, aspirin, post stroke rehab

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Demyelination disorder if the spinal roots and peripheral nerves. Often preceded by a respiratory infection causing weakness or paralysis of the limbs


S/S: distal muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, numbness, parenthesia, aches, pains, sensory deficits


TX: no cure, rehab, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin

Epilepsy

Caused by abdominal discharges of electrical activity in the brain


S/S: LOC, motor and sensory deficits, numbness/ tingling


TX: make area safe, put athlete in recovery position

Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic progressive disease causing damage to the sheaths of the nerve cells in brain and spinal cord


S/S: lack of balance, spasticity, fatigue, vision problems, dizziness, pain, numbness, bowel disfunction, cognitive changes


TX: no cure, interferon beta-1A, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer,

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

Progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the CNS, leading to muscle wearing and paralysis


S/S: fatigue, loss of balance, difficulty w/ small motor function, difficulty swallowing, hyperreflaxia, weight loss, slurred speech


TX: riluzole, baclofen, diazepam, trihexyphenidyl, amitriptyline

Bell’s Palsy

Paralysis to facial nerve (CN 7) causing muscle weakness to one side of the face


S/S: inability to perform facial movements, blindness, ulcers, inability to chew on one side


TX: corticosteroids

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Chronic pain condition w/o obvious cause of the degree of pain


S/S: pain in joints, increased pain w/ weight bearing, Autonomic dysfunction,Edema, Sweating, nerve hypersensitivity, delayed injury recovery, vasomotor disturbances


TX: early motion, pain control, NDAIDS, tricyclic antidepressants, oral or objected steroids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)


Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Infectious disease that is transported through bodily fluids from an infected person


S/S: malaise, fever, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, thrush


TX: no vaccine for HIV, zidovudine helps delay AIDS

PPE

Immunization


Illness



Musculosketal injuries


Medications