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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules. |
Chemistry
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Fundimental building blocks of matter
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Atoms
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2+ atoms joined in specific geometrical arrangement
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Molecules
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Changes in molecules lead to _____. |
Changes in the properties of the substances they compose.
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A tentative interpretation or explination of observations |
Hypothesis |
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Is a good hypothesis falsifiable? |
YES
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is a concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions |
Scientific Law
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In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed |
Law of Conservation of Mass |
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____ _____ describes how nature behaves |
Scientific Laws
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is a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them |
Scientific Theory
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He proposed the Atomic Theory |
John Dalton |
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is a systematic investigation of nature and requires proposing an explanation for the results of an experiment in the form of a general principle. |
Scientific Method |
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Anything that occupies space and has mass |
Matter
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A specific instance of matter (air, water, sand)
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Substance
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How is matter classified?
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By state and composition
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3 states of Matter
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
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molecules packed closely in fixed locations. Can vibrate but not move. Has fixed volume and rigid shape
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Solid matter
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atoms/molecules arranged in patterns with long-range repeating order
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Crystalline solids (salt, diamond)
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atoms and molecules with no long range order
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Amorphous (glass, plastic)
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atoms/molecules packed close but free to move, fixed volume but not shape, assumes shape of container
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Liquid matter
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atoms/molecules have lots of space, free to move, compressible, assumes shape and volume of container
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Gaseous matter
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A substance that is made of only 1 component and composition does not vary
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Pure substance (helium, water, sodium chloride)
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Substance composed of 2+ components in varying proportions
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Mixture (Sugar Water)
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Substance that cannot be broken down in anything simpler
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Element (Helium)
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Substance composed of 2+ elements in fixed, definate proportions
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Compound (Water)
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A mixture with varying composition
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Heterogeneous (chocolate chip cookies, wet sand)
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Mixture with same composition throughout
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Homogenous (sugar water)
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changes that only alter state or appearance but NOT composition
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Physical Changes
ex: water boiling or melting |
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changes that alter the composition of matter
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Chemical Changes
ex: iron rusting |
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Odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, density
Changes happen by altering physical condition |
Physical Properites of Matter
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Corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity
Changes happen by chemical reaction |
Chemical Properties of Matter
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The capacity to do work
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Energy
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the action of a force through a distance
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Work
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The total energy of an object assosiated with its motion
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Kinetic energy
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Energy assosiated with an objects position or composition.
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Potential energy
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Energy associated with the temperature of an object
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Thermal energy
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Law of conservation of Energy
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energy is neither created nor destroyed
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T or F
Systems with high potential energy tend to change in a direction of lower potential energy, releasing energy into the surroundings |
True
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Standard unit of Length
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Meter
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Standard unit of mass |
Kilogram
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Standard unit of time
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Second
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Standard unit of temperature
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Kelvin
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Water Freezes (C)
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0.00 C
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Water Boils (C)
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100 C
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Water Freezes (K)
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273 K
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Water Boils (K)
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373 K
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Absolute Zero K
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0 K
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K=
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C+273.15
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Derived Unit
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combo of other units, ex: speed is m/s
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Volume
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measure of space
length cubed also L, mL 1mL = 1cm^3 |
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Volume of a Cube
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(edge length)cubed
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Density
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ratio of mass to volume
d=m/v is a physical property, and intensive kg/m^3, g/cm^3, g/mL |
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Joseph Louis Proust |
determined that a pure compound, from any origin, always contains a definite and constant proportion of the elements by mass. |
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Precision
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the proximity of a set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity. |
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Accuracy
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the closeness of a single measurement to its true value.
AKA: Correctness |
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Length
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Meter/ m
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Mass
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Kilogram/ kg
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Time
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Seconds/s
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Temp
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kelvin/ K
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Amount of substance
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mole/ mol
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Electric current
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ampere/ A |
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Luminous intensity |
cadela/ cd
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Qualitatative |
Descriptions of the behavior characterististics or behavior of nature` |
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Quantitative |
Compare characteristics to a standard numerical scale |
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Sublimation |
solid changes directly to gas (temperature incresasres) Ex. Dry Ice |
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Melting |
When a soilid changes to a liquid (temperature increases) |
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freezing |
liquid changes into solid (temperature decreases) |
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vaporization |
liquid changes into gas (temperature increases) |
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condensation |
gas changes into liquid (temperature decreases) |
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deposition |
gas changes directly to solid (temperature decreases) Ex. Iodine |
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Extensive property |
a material depends upon how much matter is being used (Mass, length and volume) |
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Intensive property |
a material does not depend upon how much matter is being considered (density, temperature, color) |
