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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Equilibrium
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Point in a reversible reaction where energy is minimized and entropy is maximized, concentration of products and reactants remain constant since the forward rate equals the rate of the reverse reaction (dynamic)
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Law of Mass Action
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Only gases and aqueous species (no pure solids or liquids) |
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Reaction Quotient
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Used to compare the current concentration to the known Keq
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Comparison of Q to Keq
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Q < Keq: the reaction proceeds in the forward direction, ΔG < 0
Q = Keq: the reaction is in dynamic equilibrium, ΔG = 0 Q > Keq: the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction, ΔG > 0 |
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Properties of the Law of Mass Action
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Equilibrium constant is temperature dependent
The larger Keq the further to the right the equilibrium position If forward reaction is Keq reverse reaction is 1/Keq |
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Le Chatelier Principle
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When a chemical system experiences a stress, it will react so as to restore equilibrium
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Shift Reaction to Right
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Increase reactants, decrease products
Increasing temp of endothermic reaction, decrease temp of exothermic reaction |
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Shift Reaction to the Left
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Decrease reactants, increase products
Decrease temp of endothermic reaction, increase temp of exothermic reaction |
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Effect of Changing Pressure on Reaction
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Increasing pressure on gaseous system will shift reaction toward the side with fewer moles of gas
Decreasing pressure will shift towards side with more moles of gas |
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Kinetic Product
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Higher in free energy than thermodynamic products
Form at lower temperatures “Fast products” because they can form more quickly under such conditions |
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Thermodynamic Product
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Lower in free energy than kinetic products (more stable)
Proceed more slowly but more spontaneous |
