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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkanes Formula
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CnH2n+2
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Alkane suffic
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-ane
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general alkane skeleton
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all saturated hydrocarbons meaning all single bonds
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Alkene formula
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CnH2n
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Alkene suffic
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-ene
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Alkyne formula
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CnH2n-2
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Alkene skeleton
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unsaturated at least 1 double bond
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Alkyne suffix
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-yne
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alkyne skeleton
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unsaturated at least 1 triple bond
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Alcohol suffix
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-ol
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alcohol general formula
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C-OH or R'-OH
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Ether general formula
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C-O-C
or R-O-R |
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Amine general formula
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C-NH2 or R-NH2
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amine suffix
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-ine
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primary amine formula
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C-NH2 or R-NH2
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secondary amine formula
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C-NHC or R-NHC
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tertiary amine
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C-NC2 or R-NC2
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Carbonyl compounds
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suggest a C double bonded to O
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name the two types of carbonyl functional groups
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Aldehyde and Keytone
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Aldehyde suffix
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-al
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Keytone suffix
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-one
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Amines can be?
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Chiral- where mirror images are not superimposable
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Aldehyde general formula
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RCOH (O=C-H)
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Keytone general formula
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RC=OC
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Carboxylic acids suffix
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-oic/-ic
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Ester suffix
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-Oate
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Ester formula
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RCO2C
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Ester Suffix
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-oate
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Ionic bond definition
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formed when opposite charged ions come together
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How to recognize an ionic bond
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A metal (left) + nonmetal (right)
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Covalent bond definition
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bond formed when atoms share electrons
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name the two types of covalent bonds
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polar covalent bond and non polar covalent bond
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polar covalent bond definition
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unequal sharing of electrons
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nonpolar covalent bond definition
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equal sharing of electrons
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how do you recognize a covalent bond
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bonds between NONmetals
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how do you recognize a polar covalent bond
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any non metal bonded to F (Fluorine), N (nitrogen), or O (oxygen) will be polar UNLESS it's bonded to itself
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What does a carboxyl group contain?
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A C (carbon) double bonded to an O (oxygen), while also having single bonds with an R group and another O(oxygen)
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What is an isomer?
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When two compounds have the same formula but a different structure
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What is an intermoleular force?
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attraction of forces that exist between compounds
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What is the different between an interaction and a reaction?
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interaction-things just wanna come together
reaction-deals with the breaking of bonds |
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what is an ion dipole interaction?
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ionic compound + polar compound
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give an example of an ion dipole interaction
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NaCl and H20
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What is a dipole-dipole interaction?
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when 2 polar molecules (same or different) come together
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give example of dipole-dipole interaction
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H2O+H20
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what is an induced-dipole-induce-dipole
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2 nonpolar molecules that gain a spontaneous and extremely temporary dipole moment
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what is a dipole-induced dipole
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polar molecuele + nonpolar molecule
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give an example of dipole-induced dipole
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water and oil
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what is hydrogen bonding?
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a special polar attraction between molecules that contain a H (hydrogen) bonded to O (oxygen), N(Nitrogen), F(fluorine)
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whats the terms when you go from a solid to a liquid
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Melting/fusion
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what's the terms when going from a liquid to a solid
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freezing/crystalization
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what's the terms going from a liquid to a gas
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boiling/vaporization
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whats the terms going from a gas to a liquid
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condensation/liquification
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what is the term when going from a solid straight to gas
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sublimation
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what is the term when going from a gas to a solid
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desposition
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what is endothermic
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when energy is required for a process
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what is exothermic
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when energy is released from a process
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Which atom is bigger Na+ (sodium +) or Mg+2 (magnesium 2+)
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Na (Sodium) *remember atoms on the left side of the periodic table are larger than atoms on the right side
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why does a compound like oxygen prefer Mg (magnesium2+) over Na+?
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because Mg+2 is smaller and because it's smaller AND has more of a charge it gives off more heat
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describe the enthalpy process from a solid to liquid
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endothermic-energy required
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describe the enthalpy process from a liquid to gas
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endothermic-energy required
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describe the enthalpy process from a gas to liquid
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exothermic-energy released
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describe the enthalpy process from a liquid to solid
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exothermic-energy released
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describe the enthalpy process from a solid to gas
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endothermic-energy required
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describe the enthalpy process from a gas to solid
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exothermic-energy released
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define: Dynamic of vaporizarion
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pressure from the vapor of a liquid or solid when liquid or solid gas is in a closed system
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what is the official definition of boiling point?
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temp at which vapor pressure in a closed system is equivalent to the vapor pressure of the external enviroment
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