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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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different functions of proteins
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Defense, movement, catalysis, signaling, structure, and transport
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what are most proteins
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most are enzymes that function as catalysist
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what are the two prebiotic chemical that could lead to evoultion of proteins
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Hydrogen Cyanide and Formaldehyde
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what happen in Miller's expriment after he added sparks
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The liquid water turned red
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How many amino acids are there
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21
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what are the differences between an ionized and non-ionized amino acid
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the amine group of a ionized has an H3N+ and carboxly group has an O- in an non-ionized the amine group has an H2N and the carbozly has an OH
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T or F amino acids are only hydrophobic
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False- amino acids can be both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
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What are Isomers
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molecules that have the same molecular formula but different stuructural formulas
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list the 3 types of isomers
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structural, geometric and optical
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condsation reactions produce
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water
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Hydrolysis needs
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water
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amino groups forms what types of bonds
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peptide bonds
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what shape does a TATA box protein look like
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butterfly
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what shape does a porin look like
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doughnut
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what shape does a Pyrophosphatas protein look like
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globular
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what are the four primary sturctures
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primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
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what is the primary sturcture
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a strand of amino acids
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what kind bonds for the ahla helixs and beta pleted sheets
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hydrogen
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the tertiary sturcture creates what kind of bonds
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hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, covalent disulfide bonds and ionic bonds
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what is the quaternary structure
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more than 2 proteins in the tertiary sturcuture
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what is denatureing proteins
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unfolding
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what kind of protein help proteins refold
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molecular chaperones
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what is in a nucleotide
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phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nNitrogenous base
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what id the difference of a ribose sugar and a deoxyribose sugar
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a ribose sugar has an OH on the 2' sugar where a deoxyribose has just an O
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what are the two types of Nitrogenous base
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Purines and Pyrimidines
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what are purines
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adenine, guanine
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what are pyrimidines
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cytosine, uracil, and thymine
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how are nuleotides held together
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phosphodiester bond
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What directions are nucleotides read in
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5'-3'
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