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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which does latitude measure
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north and south
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which does longitude measure
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east and west
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What is lithosphere?
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the solid portion of Earth. and tectonic plates consisting of the crust and upper rigid mantle.
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what is atmosphere?
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air that surrounds the earth
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what is hydrosphere?
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water in all of its forms on earth
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what is biosphere?
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everywhere on eath where living organisms can exist.
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Name the 7 parallels starting from the north pole 90 degrees north
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1. North pole
2. arctic circle 3. tropic of cancer 4. equator 5. tropic of capricorn 6. antartic circle 7. south pole 5. |
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what is the great circle?
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circle on the globe formed by the intersection of Earths surface with any plane that passes through earths center
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what is the small circle?
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circle on a globe formed by the intersection of earths surface with any plane that does not pass through earths center
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what is that circle of illumination?
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the edge of the sunlit hemisphere that is a great circle seperating earth into a light half and a dark half
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what is parallel and what is meridians?
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parallel is a line connecting all points of the same latitude for example: the equator.
meridians is |
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What does divergent mean?
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when two plates are moving APART
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what does convergent mean?
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when two plates are coming TOGETHER
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What does it mean when plates transform?
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two plates slide past each other
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is rock created or destroyed after plates move DIVERGENT (apart)
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rock is creates at mid-ocean ridge (basalt)
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what is the tectonic stress after Divergent movement?
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tension
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what are the tectonic activities after a divergent movement?
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normal faulting,
strick-slip faulting and volcanism (basaltic) |
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Is rock created or destroyed after a convergent movement? (TOGETHER)
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more rock is destroyed by subduction than created by volcanism
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what is the tectonic stress after a convergent movement?
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compression
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what are the tectonic activities after a convergent movement?
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folding reverse,
faulting and volcanism (andesitic) |
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What are the three kinds of convergent boundry subtypes?
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1. ocean to continent (subduction)
2. Ocean to ocean (subduction) 3. Continent to continent (no volcanism/subduction),no rock is created or destroyed |
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What are some examples of major folded mountain systems?
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alps and andes
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what is subduction?
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ocean to continent boundry
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is rock created or destroyed after plates TRANSFORM?
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rock is neither created nor destroyed (no volcanism/subduction)
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what is the tectonic stress for TRANSFORM?
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shear
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what are tectonic activites for transform?
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strick slip faulting
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how are landforms created?
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rivers, volcanoes, glaciers, wind, waves, groudwater
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Which of the following landforms belongs to the first order of relief?
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North America Continent.
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Glaciers erode by means of plucking and ____________.
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abrasion
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what is the order of relief?
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scale at which we VIEW the earth
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what what does the lithospere consist of?
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crust and upper mantle
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who came up with continental drift theory? and who later helped prove it?
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wegener
then, hess |
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What does sandstone turn into?
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quartzite
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what does shale turn into?
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slate
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waht does limestone turn into?
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marble
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whats the most common extrusive ingeous rock?
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basalt
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what is the most common intrusive igneous rock?
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granite
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what 3 kinds of rock is sedimentary?
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1, sandstone
2. shale 3. limestone |
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what is a tectonic force?
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tension, compression, sheer.. causes MOVEMENT
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how are igneous rocks formed? in and ex
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when magma cools
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how are intrusive rocks made?
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cooled below surface
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how are extrusive rocks formed?
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volcanic. formed on surface
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how are sedimentary rocks formed?
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consolidation of deposited particles
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how are metamorphic rocks formed?
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when heat and or pressure act on existing igneous and sedimentary rocks
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what is the theory of sea floor spreading?
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the pulling apart of lithosperic plates to permit the ride of deep seated magma to Earths surface in midocean areas
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what is the asthenosphere?
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plastic layer off the upper mantle that underlies the lithophere. VERY hot and easily deformed
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what is subduction?
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downward movement
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Who came up with the pot of water theory?
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holmes
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what is hotspots
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a location where mantle magma rises to, or almost to Earths surface
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who came up with magnetic stripes?
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Matthews and Vine
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who introduced the continental drift?
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alfred wegener
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Pangaea broke into two large land masses:Laurasia/Gondwanaland.
Which was North and which was South? |
Godwanaland-south
Laurasia-north |
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what are the 4 months and in what order starting west and moving counter clockwise
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1. June
2. september 3. december 4. march |
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what is the def of Volcanism?
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the upward movement of molten material (magma) and its coolign above earths surface
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what are the 4 regions on earth in order starting from the outer most layer
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1. crust
2. mantle 3. outer core 4. inner core |
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how much percent does the crust make up of the earth?
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less than 1 percent
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about how much does the mantle make up of the earth?
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84%
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what is asthenosphere?
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(weak sphere)- when rocks get so hot that they lose their strength and are easily deformed
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which region is made up of liquid?
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outer core
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in the begining, all rocks were ________.
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igneous rock
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what are extrusive rocks? (volcanic rock)
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molten rock on earths surface. solidifying quickly in open air
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what are intusive rocks? (plutonic rock)
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rocks that from beneath the earths surface
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What is batholith?
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the largest and most amorphous intrusion. form the core of major mountain ranges
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what is laccolith?
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when magma is forced between horizonal layers of preexitsting rock.
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what is dikes?
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the most widespread of all intrusive form. a vertical sheet of magma goes upwards into preexisting rock
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what is a sill?
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long, thin intrusive body. formed when magma is forced between strata that already is in place. less common than dikes.
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In extrusive volcanism, what are cinder cone?
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volcano formed primarily from the expulsion of cinders, ash, and other solid rock fragments.
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How does a glacier develope?
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when the amount of snow that falls in a winter is greater than the amount that melts that following summer over a perios of years.
after many years, the old snow is turned to ice the ice mass begins to move under the pull of gravity.` |
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when was the pleistocene epoch?
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1.8 million years ago to 20 thousand yaers ago. ice age
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dif. types of glaciers:
what is a continental ice sheet? |
covers large parts of continent
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what is the impact of continental ice sheets?
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ice bergs
fluctuating sea level land bridge isostatic rebound |
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what are valley glaciers?
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tongues of ice that travel down valleys in the mountains
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what is a piedmont glacier?
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when the edge of a valley glacier reaches a flat area and so escapes from the confines of its alley walls
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what are alpine glaciers?
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those that deelop indiidually high in the mountains rather than as a part of a broad icefield, usually at the heads of valleys
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what are cirque glaciers?
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very small alpine glaciers confined to the basin where they originate
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