Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Personality
|
unique, dynamic organization
of characteristics of a particular person, physical and psychological, which influence behavior and responses to the social and physical environment. Of these characteristics, some will be entirely unique to the specific person (i.e., memories, habits, mannerisms) and others will be shared with a few, many, or all people. |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Paradigm
|
Mark of maturity,
Majority of practitioners accept the same theoretical framework, Psychology is generally preparadigmatic |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Strategy
|
Shared basic assumption about personality,
Focus on specific aspects of personality |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Four Basic Strategies of Personality
|
Psychoanalytic: Personality is driven by underlying forces;
Dispositional: set of enduring characteristics of varying ratios; Environmental: shaped by external conditions Representational:how individuals represents self, others, objects, and events they experience |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Four Underlying Issues in Personality:
|
Theory,
Assessment, Research Procedures/Hypothesis Testing, Applications/Personality Change |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Scientific Theory
|
explains phenomenon
2 components: Theoretical Constructs & Relational Propositions |
TCRP
|
|
|
Theoretical Constructs
|
invented terms & building blocks of the theory
(e.g. energy: physics oxidation: chemistry anxiety/ego/extroversion: personality psychology) |
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Relational Propositions
|
describe relationship between constructs.
|
Ch1 review
|
|
|
Criteria Theory EValuaTion
|
Empirical Validity
Parsimony Comprehensiveness Coherence Testability Usefulness Acceptability NOT correctness! |
CCTV EPUA
p12 |
|
|
functions of scientific theories
|
.
|
|
|
|
Empirical Validity
|
degree theory supported by observed evidence
|
p 11
|
|
|
Theory 1 & Theorist
|
.
|
Ch 1
|
|
|
Theory 2 & Theorist
|
.
|
Ch 1
|
|
|
Theory 3 & Theorist
|
.
|
Ch 1
|
|
|
Theory 4 & Theorist
|
.
|
Ch 1
|
|
|
Parsimony
|
simplicity
conciseness theories r better w/ fewer assumptions & simpler explanations |
p11
|
|
|
Comprehensiveness
|
breadth of phenomena: theory encompasses
|
p11
|
|
|
Coherence
|
free of internal contradictions
degree which propositions & assumptions of theory fit into larger, internally-consistent explanation |
p12
|
|
|
Testability
|
how well a theory can be supported or refuted through research.
|
p12
|
|
|
Usefulness
|
theories that survive often lead to important practical applications
|
p12
|
|
|
Acceptability
|
2 b influential, theory must b known & taken seriously by others
|
p12
|
|
|
theory correctness
|
theories are not facts,
cannot b largely/firmly substantiated, cannot be right/wrong, true/false |
p13
|
|
|
personality assessment
|
1884, Francis Galton, "the character which shapes our conduct is definite and durable 'something' and therefore reasonable 2 attempt 2 measure
|
p13
|
|
|
personality assessments
|
self-reports, tests, direct observation, impressions of others, detailed personal histories and life records
|
p13
|
|
|
Self Report
|
person's data from interview, questionnaire, or combo.
widely used |
p14
|
|
|
Direct Observation
|
observe subjects directly
natural observation natural or laboratory setting responses to test items and test environment |
p14
|
|
|
impression of others
|
Erving Goffman
personality is both expression in impression upon others |
p14
|
|
|
personal histories and life records
|
educational, employment & marital;
accomplishments |
|
|
|
personality research approaches
|
rational and empirical
|
|
|
|
rational approach
|
reliance on subjective methods for studying: discussion, argument, pop. opinion, general "reason" appeal
|
crap
|
|
|
empirical approach
|
researching by direct observation & objective means
|
|
|
|
scientific approach
|
commitment 2 using empirical research methods 2 test & validate theories
|
|
|
|
personality change
|
psychotherapy, or planned personality change
|
|
|
|
recurring philosophical questions
|
free will vs. determinism,
objective vs. subjective P. aspects, person/situation controversy, human nature & individuality, |
|
|
|
idiographic approach
|
.
|
|
|
|
nomothetic approach
|
.
|
|
|
|
description
|
effectively measuring & communicating important personality dimensions
|
|
|
|
prediction
|
accurately anticipating occurrence likelihood various behaviors
|
|
|
|
control
|
influencing behavior
|
|
|
|
understanding
|
comprehension particular process & ability provide explanation
|
|
|
|
empirical research
|
hallmark scientific study personality.
evidence gathered systematically thru observations & procedures: verifiable by others |
|
|
|
Psychoanalytic strategy focus
|
Drives: most important P determinant
|
|
|
|
Dispositional strategy emphasizes
|
differences: quantity each innate characteristics: person
|
|
|
|
Environmental strategy emphasizes
|
aspects of external world: social & physical & impact: person
|
|
|
|
Representational Strategy looks
|
private mental representations of ppl, events & things: experienced by person as P determinants
|
|
|
|
Four Fund. Issues
|
theory
research assessment application (of theory 2 P change) |
|
|
|
Scientific Theories serve
|
important functions.
Organize & clarify observations & communications. produce sense understanding, guide future research |
|
|
|
Theories judged
|
better based on utility,
rather than right/wrong, true/false |
|
