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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Describe yoga and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- originates from India more than 5000 years ago - development of the body, mind and spirit - different forms of yoga - cheap and easy to organise - not much equipment needed - mat and a space - for male, female, young and old - can practise yoga on your own or you can attend yoga class - make friends Effects on the body: develops flexibility, strength, balance, muscle tone / calmness / relieves stress / helps control breathing / happiness / feel good / relaxing..... |
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Competence |
Examples: 1. Able to dribble ball in football and can apply this in the game 2. Know when to pass or shoot in netball 3. Know when to use certain tactics - zone defence in basketball 4. Can link dance moves together 5. Have suitable fitness levels - stamina for XC 6. Have good mental approach - well motivated in fitness |
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Performance |
1. You have great skill level in football - can dribble, pass, head, tackle..... 2. You have good physical ability - stamina, speed, strength... 3. You have good understanding of the game |
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Creativity |
1. Use your imagination when putting together a dance routine 2. Create an interesting starting position for the gym sequence 3. Try out different ways of working with partner in doubles badminton and see which is best 4. Try out different formations in football - which works best? |
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Healthy, active lifestyle |
1. Regular exercise keeps you fit 2. Exercise can relieve stress 3. Important to eat a balanced diet 4. Should not drink or smoke or this will affect vital organs |
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Key processes |
DDDIE |
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Developing skills and techniques |
1. Learning a simple dodge in netball then developing this into a more complex dodge 2. Practising shooting in football then putting this successfully into the game |
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Decision making |
1. Deciding which serve to perform in badminton 2. Deciding which rugby club to join 3. Deciding who to put in the first team 4. Deciding whether to be a performer, coach or official |
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Developing physical and mental capacity |
1. Developing stamina by going on distance runs 2. Developing strength by weight training 3. Keeping calm and focused before a football match 4. Being determined at the end of the cross country run |
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Making informed choices about healthy lifestyle |
1. Making sure you do 5 hours of exercise a week 2. Choosing to take GCSE PE so you can learn about the body and fitness and do more practical! 3. Choosing which gym to join |
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Evaluate and improve |
1. Looking at your strengths and weaknesses and making targets to get even better 2. Watching your partner perform a gym sequence - telling him what was good and what needs developing and how 3. Setting targets to improve |
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Skill - what is it and give examples of skills |
Skill : something that is learned Examples: forward roll, chest pass, dribbling ball, shooting, tennis serve |
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Fundamental motor skills - what are they and why important? |
FMS are the basic skills learnt at a very young age and are needed so they can be developed into more complex skills Running / jumping / throwing / catching / hitting / kicking Remember there are 6 FMS |
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Fundamental motor skills and why they are needed in physical activities |
1. Running - to win a 100m race 2. Jumping - to jump over the high jump bar and win 3. Throwing - to throw the netball to team mate 4. Catching - catch the rounders ball and get player out 5. Hitting - hit the ball far in cricket and score runs 6. Kicking - to kick the football to player |
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How do you measure each FMS |
1. Running - time, speed, distance 2. Jumping - how far or high 3. Throwing - accuracy, success, distance 4. Catching - accuracy, success 5. Hitting - distance, accuracy 6. Kicking - accuracy, how hard, distance
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Characteristics of skilful movement - key words.... |
Aesthetically pleasing / fluent / consistent / effective / controlled / efficient / good technique.... |
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Describe characteristics of skilful movement and give practical examples |
1. Aesthetic - gymnast performs the sequence and it is pleasing to the eye 2. Fluent - the dancers movements flow one into the other without gaps in between 3. Consistent - the netballer shoots and scores almost every time 4. Effective - the rugby player performs a tackle and gets the ball 5. Controlled - the footballer heads the ball and lands in a balanced and controlled way 6. Good technique - the gymnasts shows correct technique when performing a somersault |
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Decision making - the performer Examples |
1. In netball the player decides whether to pass ball or shoot 2. In football the player decides where to place the ball in the net when taking a penalty 3. In gymnastics the performer decides which vault to perform |
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Decision making - the leader / coach |
1. In football the coach decides the starting team 2. The leader will decide the activities to deliver at a children's sports camp 3. The coach will decide when to make a substitution in rugby |
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Decision making - the official |
1. The official will decide yellow it red card in football 2. The official will decide whether a player is offside in football 3. The official will decide whether playing conditions are safe after heavy rain |
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Rules and regulations - why important...... |
1. Safety for players, coaches, spectators and officials 2. To avoid injuries 3. To promote respect and good behaviour 4. To make the game fair 5. To make the game enjoyable 6. So the game flows 7. To give structure to the game |
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Etiquette - what does this mean? Examples...... |
Etiquette is an unwritten set of rules Examples: shaking hands after match, making a tunnel for players to walk through, silence when kicking penalty in rugby, saying thanks and handshake to referee, no foul language or abuse, helping a player up after injury, applaud new batsman |
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Why is showing good etiquette important? |
To promote good sportsmanship / to promote high standards in sport / to be a role model / to show discipline and fairness to others / to keep the game and players safe / to show respect / to keep facilities and equipment in good working order / to show appreciation to players, spectators and officials |
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What does a healthy balanced lifestyle mean - what makes up a healthy balanced lifestyle? |
A balanced diet, plenty of exercise, mixture of work and leisure, enjoyable and constructive lives, avoid illnesses, feel good about ourself and other people |
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Why is it important to follow a healthy, balanced and active lifestyle? |
1. To keep your body healthy - eg bones and joints healthy so you can move, heart healthy so you will live a long and full life 2. So you can exercise for longer periods if tone and not feel tired 3. To live for longer 4. To be able to recover quickly 5. To avoid heart diseases 6. To make friends 7. To feel good mentally 8. Relieves stresses 9. Keep an ideal weight and toned body 10. Goals, hobby, something to do |
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How can you tell if someone is following a healthy and balanced lifestyle! |
Ask them / look at them / do they exercise regularly / blood pressure and heart rate / don't smoke / don't drink / healthy diet / have friends and family / ideal weight / happy / good fitness test results |
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Health screening - Can you name methods of health screening? |
1. Resting heart rate 2. Blood pressure 3. BMI 4. Cholesterol measure 5. Questionnaire / medical history 6. Skinfold measurement 7. Recovery rate |
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Body mass index - BMI What is it - how can it be used to assess a young person's readiness for exercise? |
1. Indicates how fit you are 2. Measures body fat 3. Weight divided by height squared 4. Compare the result with national averages 5. Score of 18 - 25 = normal Score of 26 - 30 = over weight Score 30+ = obese Score < 18 = under weight 6. Age and pregnancy can affect result 7. Also elite athletes may have high BMI due to training and body composition 8. Not the most reliable health screening method so use it, along with other health screening measures
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Name other ways if assessing the body's readiness for exercise ( other than health screening measures ) |
1. Fitness tests - eg cooper 12 run tests CV endurance 2. Sit and reach test measures flexibility 3. 30 m sprint test measures speed ........ 4. Mention tests for muscular endurance, agility, balance..... 5. Questionnaires / by looking at the person |
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Identify and describe indicators of health and well being ( in other words... How can you tell if someone is healthy and well? ) |
1. Satisfied with life..... Describe 2. Lots of positive feelings / look happy .... 3. Access to green space ...... 4. Take part in regular exercise... 5. Positive mental health ...... 6. Have friends and family ..... 7. Balanced diet..... 8. Don't drink or smoke 9. Look well - have enough sleep, nice skin and hair.... 10. Ideal weight.... 11. Confident and happy with self 12. Good fitness levels - not tired after exercise and can recover quickly ..... |
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Warm up Give practical examples |
3 phases in a warm up 1. Pulse raiser - raise heart rate Jog, sidesteps, high knees, heel flicks. cross overs..... 2. Mobility - loosen up joints Arm circles, hip circles, swing arms and legs, bend knees.. 3. Stretches - to stretch and warm up muscles Static stretch - touch toes and hold Active stretch - pulsing lunge position Passive stretch - partner or wall when stretching Dynamic - stretch and move |
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Why should you warm up before exercising? |
1. Prepare body - increase temperature of muscles, loosen joints 2. Increase HR so more O2 gets to muscles 3. Prepare the mind - determination, motivation, ready for task ahead 4. Practise skills 5. Reduce risk of injury 6. Improve speed and contraction of muscle fibres 7. Improve performance and technique 8. Delay onset of lactic acid and fatigue |
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Cool down Give practical examples |
Light jogging - low intensity aerobic activities...... Stretching |
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Why should you cool down after exercise? |
1. To speed up the removal of lactic acid 2. Decrease risk of injury 3. Reduce muscles soreness 4. Prevent blood pooling 5. Gradually lower HR 6. Gradually lower breathing rate 7. Gradually lower body temperature ( all how they were before the exercise ) 8. To stop you feeling sick or feint 9. Calm you down and a good time to reflect on the game! |
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Fitness Components Identify 5 fitness components |
Stamina ( CV endurance ) Speed Flexibility ( suppleness ) Strength Muscular endurance ( also: agility, balance, power, reaction time ) |
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Explain the fitness component: stamina ( CV endurance ) |
Being able to keep going / work at a steady pace over a long period of time and not feel tired |
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Explain the term speed |
How quickly you can go from one place to another ( 100m sprint ) or how quickly a part can move ( fast arm in javelin ) |
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Explain the term strength |
The force of contraction if a muscle(s). How much you can pull, push or lift ( lifting a heavy weight or strength needed in rugby scrum ) |
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Explain the term muscular endurance |
How long a muscle(s) can work steadily over a long period if time ( distance cycling the muscles in leg work steadily over a long time ) |
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Explain the term flexibility |
How far you can bend or stretch. The range of movement around a joint ( gymnast doing the splits ) |
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Describe the fitness test for stamina ( CV endurance ) |
1. Cooper 12 run: use a 400m track or measure out a course to run. Run as many times as you can round the track in 12 minutes. Work out how many metres you have run and compare your result against the national averages. The table will tell you whether your stamina is excellent, good, poor etc for your age and gender |
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Describe another test for stamina ( CV endurance ) |
Multi stage fitness test: measure distance if 20metres and set cones at each end. You need a CD player with the bleeps. Run between the cones making sure your reach and turn at the cone on the bleep. There are many stages in the test and as you go through each stage the gap between the bleeps gets shorter. The test is maximal and progressive ( starts easy and gets harder! ). When you don't reach the cone at the bleep you stop and see the level you reached. Compare your result with national averages |
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Describe the test for speed |
30 or 60 metre sprint or 30 m fly test. Measure out the distance, cones at each end, and run as fast as you can from one cone to the other. A partner should time you over the test. Compare your result with a table if national averages |
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Describe the test for strength |
Hand grip dynamometer ( or hand grip implement ) |
With your chosen hand squeeze the hand grip implement for about 5 seconds. Read off your measurement on the dual. Have 3 attempts and compare your best result with the table of national averages. Remember this test only measures strength of forearm. |
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Explain the fitness component: stamina ( CV endurance ) |
Being able to keep going / work at a steady pace over a long period of time and not feel tired ( cross country run ) |
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Explain the term speed |
How quickly you can go from one place to another ( 100m sprint ) or how quickly a part can move ( fast arm in javelin ) |
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Explain the term strength |
The force of contraction if a muscle(s). How much you can pull, push or lift ( lifting a heavy weight or strength needed in rugby scrum ) |
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Explain the term muscular endurance |
How long a muscle(s) can work steadily over a long period if time ( distance cycling the muscles in leg work steadily over a long time ) |
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Explain the term flexibility |
How far you can bend or stretch. The range of movement around a joint ( gymnast doing the splits ) |
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Describe the fitness test for stamina ( CV endurance ) |
1. Cooper 12 run: use a 400m track or measure out a course to run. Run as many times as you can round the track in 12 minutes. Work out how many metres you have run and compare your result against the national averages. The table will tell you whether your stamina is excellent, good, poor etc for your age and gender |
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Explain the test for muscular endurance |
Sit ups: lie down on back, knees bent and feet flat on floor. Hands just at the side of head and elbows out. Sit up and down counts as one. Record how many sit-ups you can perform in 1 minute. Record your result against table if national averages. * could perform step ups or astride jumps using the step |
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Explain the test for flexibility |
Sit and reach test: Need a sit and reach box. Sit on floor, legs straight and flat against floor and feet flat against the end if box. Reach with both arms and hands as far as you can on the top if the box. Hold your position for a few seconds. Read off the measurement in cms as to how far you can reach / stretch. Perform the test 3 times and compare your best score against a table if national averages. |
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Things to remember when testing for fitness..... |
1. Make sure the test tests what you want- eg cooper 12 tests stamina 2. Make sure the test is fair and reliable 3. Make sure equipment is working properly, distances are measured accurately and that partner/helper is accurate when helping you 4. Make sure ' conditions ' are the same if testing a few people - eg same person timing, weather, facility... 5. Ensure health and safety |
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Why is fitness testing necessary? |
You can see what your strengths and areas to develop are and so can improve your performance and fitness. Analyse your results and evaluate the best way forward. Plan and follow a fitness programme to develop your chosen areas - set goals / target setting SMARTER. Keep monitoring fitness levels and evaluate the programme afterwards |
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Explain the term speed |
How quickly you can go from one place to another ( 100m sprint ) or how quickly a part can move ( fast arm in javelin ) |
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Explain the term strength |
The force of contraction if a muscle(s). How much you can pull, push or lift ( lifting a heavy weight or strength needed in rugby scrum ) |
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Explain the term muscular endurance |
How long a muscle(s) can work steadily over a long period if time ( distance cycling the muscles in leg work steadily over a long time ) |
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Explain the term flexibility |
How far you can bend or stretch. The range of movement around a joint ( gymnast doing the splits ) |
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Explain how CV endurance ( stamina ) can enable you yo lead a healthy and active lifestyle |
1. Healthier heart so less likely to suffer from heart disease 2. Live for longer 3. Can participate in sports and everyday activities for longer and not feel tired 4. Good blood circulation - more blood around the body and so more O2 available so you can keep going |
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Explain how speed can help you lead a healthy lifestyle |
1. More O2 available will mean that muscles will contract more quickly so your performance may be better in 100m race or in football you will get to the ball first 2. You will be se to finish everyday activities quickly |
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Explain how being strong can help you lead a healthy lifestyle |
1. Muscles will be bigger and stronger so you will be better in sprinting activities, weight training and gym activities, you will be strong in a rugby scrum, can throw further 2. You will be able to lift, pull and push objects in everyday life |
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Explain how good muscular endurance can enable you to lead a healthy lifestyle |
1. Your muscles and the fibres will be effective and efficient and you will be able to keep going in sports such as distance running, cycling and swimming without stopping 2. You will be able to carry out repetitive jobs in everyday life without feeling tired and having to stop |
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Explain how good flexibility will enable you to lead a healthy lifestyle |
1. You will be able to reach for objects easily 2. Endures good mobility 3. You will be able to move more quickly and effectively in everyday life 4. Less likely to be be injured 5. Will help in that you will be able participate in a range if different sports - games activities through to dance and fitness activities 6. Better posture |
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Goal setting Performance goals - what are these? |
Goals that are set and are related to skills or techniques Example: to learn how to perform a lay up in basketball / To improve high serve in badminton |
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Goal setting Outcome goals - what are these? |
Goals that are set and are related to an end result Example: to win football match against high stores / To get into the Yorkshire rugby squad |
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Goal setting Principles of goal setting...... |
SMARTER Specific Measurable Accepted Realistic Time phased Exciting Recordable |
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What does SMARTER mean? |
Goals must be: Specific - to your needs Measurable - goals must be assessed to see how you are doing Accepted - you have to agree with the goals that are set Realistic - the goals have to be within your capability but you must be challenged Time - the goals shod be planned over a set period of time Exciting - you must make the goal exciting and interesting so you will want to work towards it Recordable - write results down so you can see any improvements |
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Diet Why is a healthy balanced diet needed? |
Do you will live / to grow and develop / for energy so you can play sports and do everyday tasks / to keep your body and organs healthy / to avoid illnesses and diseases |
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How many components make up a balanced diet. Identify all components |
7 components Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water |
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Giving an example, explain why carbohydrates are important to those who participate in a healthy lifestyle |
Examples: rice, potatoes, pasta, bread, bananas 1. Provide fast release of energy 2. Fuel for respiration 3. Can be used for carbo-loading |
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Giving an example, explain why protein is important |
Examples: meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese 1. Building blocks for the body / growth 2. Repair of body tissues 3. Energy source 4. Brain good - helps brain to work! |
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Give an example of a food that provides fat and explain why fats are important |
Examples: Fatty meat, butter, cream 1. Provides energy - slow release 2. Acts as an insulator and keeps the body warm 3. Protects organs |
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Diet Why is a healthy balanced diet needed? |
Do you will live / to grow and develop / for energy so you can play sports and do everyday tasks / to keep your body and organs healthy / to avoid illnesses and diseases |
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How many components make up a balanced diet. Identify all components |
7 components Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water |
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Giving an example, explain why carbohydrates are important to those who participate in a healthy lifestyle |
Examples: rice, potatoes, pasta, bread, bananas 1. Provide fast release of energy 2. Fuel for respiration 3. Can be used for carbo-loading |
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Giving an example, explain why protein is important |
Examples: meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese 1. Building blocks for the body / growth 2. Repair of body tissues 3. Energy source 4. Brain good - helps brain to work! |
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Give an example of a food that provides fat and explain why fats are important |
Examples: Fatty meat, butter, cream 1. Provides energy - slow release 2. Acts as an insulator and keeps the body warm 3. Protects organs |
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Give an example of vitamin rich foods and explain why vitamins are important |
Examples: oranges, lemons, carrots, oily fish 1. Prevents illness and infections 2. Helps produce energy 3. Helps body systems work well 4. Helps vision, skin, nails, hair |
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Give an example of a food that contains minerals and explain why minerals are important |
Examples: spinach, green vegetables....., liver, dairy foods such as milk 1. For strong teeth and bones 2. For growth and development 3. For blood production - helps carry O2 |
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Give an example of a food that contains fibre and explain why fibre is important |
Examples: brown bread, brown rice, cereals 1. Makes you feel full 2. Keeps heart and bowel healthy 3. Reduces risk of heart disease and vowel cancer 4. Helps to get rid of waste 5. Prevents constipation |
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Giving an example, explain why carbohydrates are important to those who participate in a healthy lifestyle |
Examples: rice, potatoes, pasta, bread, bananas 1. Provide fast release of energy 2. Fuel for respiration 3. Can be used for carbo-loading |
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Giving an example, explain why protein is important |
Examples: meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese 1. Building blocks for the body / growth 2. Repair of body tissues 3. Energy source 4. Brain good - helps brain to work! |
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Give an example of a food that provides fat and explain why fats are important |
Examples: Fatty meat, butter, cream 1. Provides energy - slow release 2. Acts as an insulator and keeps the body warm 3. Protects organs |
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Give an example of vitamin rich foods and explain why vitamins are important |
Examples: oranges, lemons, carrots, oily fish 1. Prevents illness and infections 2. Helps produce energy 3. Helps body systems work well 4. Helps vision, skin, nails, hair |
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Give an example of a food that contains minerals and explain why minerals are important |
Examples: spinach, green vegetables....., liver, dairy foods such as milk 1. For strong teeth and bones 2. For growth and development 3. For blood production - helps carry O2 |
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Give an example of a food that contains fibre and explain why fibre is important |
Examples: brown bread, brown rice, cereals 1. Makes you feel full 2. Keeps heart and bowel healthy 3. Reduces risk of heart disease and vowel cancer 4. Helps to get rid of waste 5. Prevents constipation |
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Why is water important? |
1. Prevents dehydration 2. Prevents heat exhaustion 3. Keeps control of body temperature 4. Helps all body systems to work well |
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Describe the characteristics of a balanced diet Mention some if the following points and expand on them..... |
1. Balanced diet - all 7 components 2. Ensure energy intake = energy output ( energy balance ) 3. Appropriate portions if food 4. Eat breakfast 5. Limit alcohol 6. Not too much sugar it salt 7. Carbohydrates for energy 8. Protein for growth and repair 9. Vitamins and minerals are needed ..... 10. Fibre and water ..... 11. Fats - unsaturated - caution with fatty foods 12. Eat at least 5 portions of fruit and veg a day |
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Explain the effects of under eating on performance and participation |
Under eating: 1. Muscles become weak so harder to play sports 2. Performance, speed, stamina, strength will be poor 3. Lack energy, feel sick, dizzy, tired so can't be bothered to do things 4. Lose weight so you won't be as strong 5. Slower reactions so slow to move in sport 6. Feel embarrassed - will not want to participate with others 7. Prone to illness and injury so will miss out playing 8. Slows growth and development - bones will be weak and fragile 9. Poor self esteem - no confidence or motivation to play |
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Explain the effects of over eating on performance and participation |
Over eating: 1. Carry too much weight to be involved in playing sports 2. Not fit enough to play sports 3. Tired, can't be bothered, not motivated to participate 4. Lack if speed and mobility..... 5. Can link with diabetes.... 6. Feel embarrassed so won't want to participate 7. Stress on joints, could lead to arthritis 8. Risk of injury - this will limit participation 9. Mocked and bullied by others because if shape and size so unlikely you will participate |
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Drugs What of you know about steroids? |
Steroids build up muscle. Steroids allow you to train for longer and do you can build up the body. Sprinters, gymnasts, weight lifters may use steroids Effects: stronger, faster, more powerful, aggression, mood swings, infertility, acne, hormone changes..... |
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Drugs What do you know about stimulants? |
Stimulants enable you to keep going for longer periods of time when training, performing - they stimulate you and keep you alert Distance cycling, swimming, games players, athletes..... Effects: keep going for longer periods of time so can train for longer and develop the body. Eventually over tiredness, lack of coordination, focus and judgement |
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Drugs What do you know about diuretics, beta blockers, narcotic analgesics ( pain killers )? |
Diuretics: get rid of fluids from the body - jockey, boxers Lose weight, dehydration Beta blockers: calm the nerves, lowers HR - archery HR and BP may go dangerously low Narcotics: hides pain so you can continue to train when injured All sports performers could take these Could make the injury worse |
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Blood doping Explain what blood doping is |
Removal of red blood cells from your blood. Freeze the red cells. Your body will adapt to the lack of red cells and will gradually make more of these so your body is ' back to normal '. A week or so before competition inject back into your body the red cells you first removed. The body will have a higher number if red blood cells and as O2 is carried in the red cells there will be more O2 and therefore energy available for your sport |
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Describe the effects of taking drugs Tip: when answering this Q you can discuss different drugs such as steroids, stimulants, diuretics, blood doping and can discuss the ' positives ' (!!!) and the negatives |
Example: steroids are taken to build up muscle so a sprinter may become faster, stronger and more powerful in their training and competitions. However steroids effects hormones and fertility levels as well as the athlete becoming moody and aggressive. Stimulants keep an athlete awake and alert which I'd beneficial when they are wanting to train for long periods or have to compete in distance events such as cycling or swimming. However the effects of tiredness will catch up and may cause the athlete to make poor judgements, lack focus and concentration. Blood doping involves increasing the number of red blood cells so this will be advantageous for distance athletes such as marathon as they will have good stamina levels and will be able to keep going. However there are dangers of using needles to inject the cells / infections, clots and blood diseases such as aids / HIV. Also doping may affect vital organs such as heart, kidney or liver and could result in death |
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Family How does the family encourage participation in physical activities and a healthy lifestyle? |
1. Support you with words of encouragement 2. Watch you play and train 3. Pay your match fees, buy kit and equipment 4. Provide transport to training and competition 5. Help and teach you as you practise 6. Act as a role model and participate in sports themselves 7. Provide you with a balanced diet |
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School How does the school encourage participation and a healthy and active lifestyle? |
Compulsory PE lessons - Extra curricular opportunities before school, lunch, after school and weekends - Offers GCSE, A level and leadership courses - in lessons take on different roles such as performer, leader, official - healthy snacks available, healthy meals and water fountains - Trips - skiing, water sports - links with sports clubs and coaches coming in to train players - Sports day, inter form and sports presentation evening - Offer rewards for attending and representing school - Notice boards advertising clubs, events and healthy initiatives - Clubs that cater for all - whatever ability level |
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Age How can age affect participation ? |
- When young you probably take part in a wide variety of sports to develop FMS and schools and clubs cater for young people - is sport seen as a ' young persons activity? ' - young people take part on football, swimming, dance, games - opportunities available in the community - When you are young you have no fear and will try any sport - When young you are fit and healthy and well motivated to - participate - When older less clubs and opportunities available to you - When older you lack confidence so may not participate - Few older role models - When older your body could be ' tired ', fitness levels may be lower, ill, injury - Older people have more time to participate due to retirement, concessions at clubs etc - average life expectancy has increased so older people could take advantage of opportunities |
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Gender How can gender affect participation? |
- Some activities boys and girls can participate together especially very young children - swimming, gymnastics, athletics, games - some sports men and women participate together eg mixed tennis - Some sports such as gym, dance, netball - girls tend to participate where boys tend to play rugby, boxing, basketball and football - stereotypes, opportunities, role models - Boys tend to be stronger than girls and are suited to certain sports such as rugby, weights and girls tend to be more flexible and do are suited to dance and gym - Boys like to kick a ball around or shoot baskets during their free time and girls may like to socialise - more males participate in sport than females - At elite level males win more prize money - More male role models than females - More men are taking part in activities such as street dance and more women in football - numbers are increasing - Some activities discriminate against one gender - eg shorter time slots fir female holders compared to male golfers |
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Disability How can disability affect participation and performance? |
- Lack of suitable facilities - ramps, wheelchair access, wider doors ....can prevent participation - Some people with disabilities may not be able bodied enough to participate in some sports - Lack if confidence and self esteem can prevent participation - Discrimination from others may prevent participation - Increasing number of opportunities for disabled people now - facilities are improving thus encouraging participation - More media coverage of disabled sport - Paralympics ... - Role models to encourage participation - A focus on what disabled CAN achieve - Adaptation of sports so disabled can participate and perform - Better understanding of the needs for disabled people, more coaches, more funding.... |
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Consider also effects of alcohol consumption and smoking..... and the effects on participation and performance |
Remember on all these responses link your answer to the question Eg: make your point...... and so this will affect/limit/ encourage participation (PEE) |
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Levels of participation You don't need to know numbers but you need to know trends, ages, popular activities |
1. 3/4 of adults have taken part in some sport over the last year 2. Participation rate decreases with age, in general 3. 3/4 of 16-19 year olds take part in at least one sport 4. Walking is the most popular activity for all ages 5. Amongst adults walking, swimming, keep fit, cycling and cue sports are the most popular 6. The age range where most people participate in sport in 16-25 year olds - make sure you can explain why!!! 7. Men are more likely to participate than women - explain why !! 8. More men belong to a sports club than women 9. Older people participate in sports such as golf, bowls, swimming, dancing, yoga 10. More men take part in competitions compared to women |
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What are the recommended levels of participation for adults and children? |
Children: one hour every day or at least 5 times in the week Adults: 30 minutes at least 5 times per week |
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Identify and explain reasons why people participate in a healthy and active balanced lifestyle Tip: remember physical, mental, social well being
When answering you must explain your reasons and perhaps give examples to support your answer |
1. To live longer - so you will enjoy life to the full and see your family grow up 2. For health reasons - to give your heart and organs in good working order, yo keep muscles and joints strong..... 3. To feel good - do you have confidence in yourself, high self esteem..... 4. To maintain an ideal weight, to look good, toned - if you look good you probably feel good 5. To manage stress .... Explain 6. For enjoyment..... Explain 7. To meet friends and make new friends.... Explain 8. A hobby / something to to.... Explain 9. To make money / it's your job... Explain 10. To please parents, school, family ..... Explain |
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Identify and explain the reasons why some people do not participate in physical activities
Remember to make your point, explain and support with an example |
1. Health reasons - an older person may have arthritis and cannot participate 2. Disability - there may be a lack of facilities or equipment to support the persons needs 3. Injury - you might have twisted your ankle playing football and do can't play for a period of time 4. Culture - a Muslim girl is not allowed to swim with friends because wearing a costume is not allowed in her culture 5. Peer pressure..... Explain 6. Discrimination.......Explain 7. Lack of time ..... Explain 8. Can't be bothered ... Explain 9. Lack of confidence .... Explain 10. Limited money... Explain 11. Family commitments.. Explain 12. Lack of opportunities or access.... Explain |
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Social, cultural, locational factors that affect participation |
1. Age: you think you are too old/young to participate 2. Gender: certain sports are traditionally linked to make or female - this can lead to discrimination 3. Family: if your family take part in sport then you probably will 4. Disability: if you have a certain disability you may be discriminated against 5. Access to facilities: if you can't get there then it is harder to take part in sports 6. Ethnicity & Religion: some ethnic groups and religions support sport and others do not 7. Environment: if you live in mountainous areas then there will before opportunities to walk and climb and ski 8. Climate: cold and snowy climates lend themselves to skiing... Often in England rain can stop play - tennis, cricket |
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Social, cultural, locational factors...... Consider also... |
Cultural barriers Funding Time Family commitments Fitness and ability levels Peer pressure Health problems Access |
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Methods if exercise Identify methods of exercise
On B451 paper these are the methods to discuss |
Circuit training Aqua aerobics Dance and aerobics Yoga Pilates Spinning Body pump
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Describe circuit training |
- stations - 8 - 10 a good number of stations - circuit can be designed yo improve a sport, or a specific component of fitness, or a group of muscles or general fitness - work at a station then move on to next station - tasks such as step ups, star jumps, pull ups, sit ups, skipping..... - repetitive task at the station - can have rests between - time the task - 30 secs, 1 min... - record results - can overload (make body work harder) by working for longer, less rests, heavier or higher equipment ..... |
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Methods if exercise Identify methods of exercise
On B451 paper these are the methods to discuss |
Circuit training Aqua aerobics Dance and aerobics Yoga Pilates Spinning Body pump
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Describe circuit training |
- stations - 8 - 10 a good number of stations - circuit can be designed yo improve a sport, or a specific component of fitness, or a group of muscles or general fitness - work at a station then move on to next station - tasks such as step ups, star jumps, pull ups, sit ups, skipping..... - repetitive task at the station - can have rests between - time the task - 30 secs, 1 min... - record results - can overload (make body work harder) by working for longer, less rests, heavier or higher equipment ..... |
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Describe aqua aerobics Why is it good for healthy active life? |
- exercises performed in shallow water eg star jumps, kicks, knees up, sculling water - for men, women - for young and old - can cater for lots if people - easy to organise - cheap - elderly tend to participate - music needed, instructor Effects on body: Good for flexibility / not so demanding on older people' s body / less stress on joints / good for heart and lungs / good activity after injury / make friends / relieves stress.....
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Describe dance and aerobics as a method of exercise and explain his it can lead to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male and female - for young and old - different styles of dance - something for everyone - cheap and easy to organise - can dance on your own, partner, small and large groups - all you need is music and a space to dance - dance classes or organise your own sessions Effects on the body: Great for balance, flexibility, toning the body, CV endurance, strength, great for making friends, relax you and forget the stresses of work |
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Describe dance and aerobics as a method of exercise and explain his it can lead to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male and female - for young and old - different styles of dance - something for everyone - cheap and easy to organise - can dance on your own, partner, small and large groups - all you need is music and a space to dance - dance classes or organise your own sessions Effects on the body: Great for balance, flexibility, toning the body, CV endurance, strength, great for making friends, relax you and forget the stresses of work |
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Describe yoga and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- originates from India more than 5000 years ago - development of the body, mind and spirit - different forms of yoga - focus on stretching, posture, slow and controlled movements - yoga positions have names - child pose, warrior ..... - cheap and easy to organise - not much equipment needed - mat and a space - for male, female, young and old - can practise yoga on your own or you can attend yoga class - make friends Effects on the body: develops flexibility, strength, balance, muscle tone / calmness / relieves stress / helps control breathing / happiness / feel good / relaxing..... |
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Pilates Describe pilates and explain how it can develop a healthy and active lifestyle |
- develops physical and mental health - good for male, female, young and old - cheap and easy to organise, caters for few or large groups of people - can attend classes or practise on your own - focuses on core strength and improving posture - low repetition, low impact stretching and conditioning exercises Effects on the body: develops core strength / improves posture / good for mental health - calmness, focus, relieves stress / make friends |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Other pathways for involvement that would be accepted in an answer ..... |
- to learn new skills - to get fit or fitter - it's your job - PE teacher, physio for sports team - exam courses, sports qualifications - eg to be qualified as level 1 coach in football or a trampolining judge |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Other pathways for involvement that would be accepted in an answer ..... |
- to learn new skills - to get fit or fitter - it's your job - PE teacher, physio for sports team - exam courses, sports qualifications - eg to be qualified as level 1 coach in football or a trampolining judge |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Other pathways for involvement that would be accepted in an answer ..... |
- to learn new skills - to get fit or fitter - it's your job - PE teacher, physio for sports team - exam courses, sports qualifications - eg to be qualified as level 1 coach in football or a trampolining judge |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Other pathways for involvement that would be accepted in an answer ..... |
- to learn new skills - to get fit or fitter - it's your job - PE teacher, physio for sports team - exam courses, sports qualifications - eg to be qualified as level 1 coach in football or a trampolining judge |
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Spinning Describe spinning and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- attend classes at gym - class may be 30 - 45 mins long - instructor - equipment can be expensive - static bike with resistance gears - classes - loud music, dim the lights and create atmosphere - for male, female, young and old Effects on the body: great for developing CV endurance and muscular endurance / builds up or tones the leg muscles / good for physique / determination / make friends.... |
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Describe body pump and explain how it contributes to a healthy and active lifestyle |
- for male, female, young and old - involves weights, bars, kettle bells, squats, pushing, lifting, curling, repetition - music and weights needed - can attend class with instructor or can practise on your own - cheap and easy to organise, few or large group if people - classes may be about 45 minutes long Effects on the body: great for toning, muscular endurance, posture / mental well being - relieves stress / make friends / determination and focus..... |
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Describe and explain the different pathways for involvement in physical activities |
1. School: compulsory PE lessons taking part in games, athletic, creative activities allows youngsters to get involved in physical activities 2. Extra curricular activities: sessions put on in school before school, lunch time, after school, weekends, holidays - recreational and competitive sports 3. Sport in the community: clubs available in your local area eg Tigers rugby or Concord netball club 4. Role of performer, leader or official - eg you may help to lead Y7 football club at school or umpire a local hockey match 5. Volunteering: helping out, without payment, at the sheffield half marathon or volunteering to run a badminton session at the church 6. Reaching the highest level as you can: starting off at grass roots level then striving to reach the school team, trials for City, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire..... For some people it may be simply to get into that first team! 7. Involved in challenging activities: striving for something that puts you out of your comfort zone - eg training and running a marathon, D of E award, taking up a new activity.. |
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Other pathways for involvement that would be accepted in an answer ..... |
- to learn new skills - to get fit or fitter - it's your job - PE teacher, physio for sports team - exam courses, sports qualifications - eg to be qualified as level 1 coach in football or a trampolining judge |
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