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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which were the four clauses in the Treaty of Versailles that affected Germany and what were the results?
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Military Restrictions - vulnerable, emasculation War Guilt Clause - injustice Reparations - injustice, economic disaster for generations |
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What was the Weimar Republic?
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Government imposed of Germany after WW1
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What were the problems that followed the creation of the Weimar Republic?
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Political Extremism - too violent to govern in Berlin Economic Problems - Inflation French occupation of the Ruhr - industrial capital of Germany |
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What was the role of the head of state in Germany?
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Highest authority in Germany Represent Germany abroad |
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What was the role of the Chancellor in Germany?
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Leader of the largest party in the Reichstag |
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Which voting system was used in Germany?
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Proportional Representation |
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What were the problems with proportional representation?
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Political extremism made lots of splinter parties so no party got enough votes to form a majority so there were also many coalitions |
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What did Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution state?
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That in a time of crisis, the chancellor could rule by decree (like a dictator) |
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Who was the Chancellor during 1924 in Germany?
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Gustav Stresemann |
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How did the Chancellor in 1924 restore German morale?
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Reassured the French that they would resume paying reparations (loan from America) New jobs + homes + welfare system |
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What were the results of the democratic vote in 1924 and 1928?
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The Social Democratic Party were voted in |
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Who did not benefit from the economic recovery of the Stresemann Period and why?
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Middle Class - no benefit from welfare Nationalists, Soldiers and Communists - wanted soviet-style government |
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Why was the recovery during the Stresemann Period 'fragile'?
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Dependent on loans from America |
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What was happening during 1920s in America?
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Overproduction of goods, not a big enough market, prices soared, many unemployed Many rushed to sell their shares |
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How did America respond to the glut during the 1920s?
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Put up tariff barriers against foreign imports |
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What happened in America in 1929?
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Wall Street Crash - America in economic depression
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How did America's misfortune in the 1920s affect other countries?
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Couldn't rely on trading with America, millions unemployed and homeless, factories shut down |
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How did America's misfortune in the 1920s affect Germany's economy?
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businesses closed, banks ruined unemployment soared to over 7 million by 1933
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What were the social effects on Germany after America's misfortune in the 1920s?
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welfare was cut, population were miserable
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How did America's misfortune in the 1920s affect Germany's politics? |
Extremist parties emerged again. support for Nazi's grew
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when did Hitler's parents die? |
Mother - 18 (in the hands of Jewish doctor) |
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Where did Hitler first experience anti-Semitism?
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Vienna - tried to be an artist (rejected twice), soaked up prejudices from Viennese society, regarded everyone other than German's as inferior |
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Why did the Treaty of Versailles shock Hitler? |
he had fought in WW1, thought signing the Treaty of Versailles was betrayal, wanted to get into politics as revenge |
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What was the full name of the Nazi party?
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National Socialist German Workers Party |
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When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi party?
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1921 |
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What were some examples of the Nazi parties manifesto points?
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Opposition to Versailles, hatred of democracy communism and bolshevism, rearmament, anti-Semitism |
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What were the features of the party?
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Swastika, slogans ('Sieg Heil'), salute, SA, speeches |
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What were the SA and when were they set up?
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1921 - Hitlers body guards, attack rival parties meetings. |
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Who was the leader of the SA?
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Ernst Rohm |
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Who supported the Nazi's in 1920-1923?
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Ex-Soldiers, middle classes, nationalists, unemployed |
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What was the purpose of the Munich Putsch?
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Hitler wanted to take over Munich and furthermore Berlin |
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What went wrong in during the Munich Putsch?
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Ludendorff (army general) changed sides and helped the police, whom Hitler thought he could count on for support
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What was the result of the Munich Putsch?
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Hitler was put in jail for 5 years (cut to 9 months because the judge agreed with his beliefs) |
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What were the benefits of the Munich Putsch for the Nazi Party?
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Hitler wrote his autobiography 'Mien Kampf' Hitler decided to win power by vote |
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What was the change in number of seats for the Nazi party during the Stresemann period?
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1923 - 32 seats May 1924 - 14 seats December 1928 - 13 seats |
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What were the reasons for the change in number of seats for the Nazi party during the Stresemann period?
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Germany had faith in Stresemann and didn't need the extremist parties Nazi's had split into 2 groups during Hitler's time in jail - had to re-establish control |
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Which organisation was set up by the Nazi's in 1925?
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The SS |
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Who was the leader of the SS?
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Heinrich Himmler |
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What was the Hitler Youth? |
1926 - sinister boy scouts (indoctrinate Nazi beliefs) |
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Who funded the Nazi party in 1928?
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Why did Hitler win support from rural areas?
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didn't benefit from Stresemann period |
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What was the attraction of the SA to youths?
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Gave them purpose, uniform and respect |
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why did the Nazi party encourage crime and disorder?
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to show that democracy was failing |
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why did support grow for the Nazi's in 1929?
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were willing to look past Hitler's vulgarity |
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who was the leader of Nazi propaganda?
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Dr Josef Goebbels |
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How did the Nazi party use propaganda to gain support?
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Ralleys, radio, pamphlets and newspapers SA intimidated opponents |
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What were the results of the September 1930 elections?
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Nazi's got 107 seats |
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What were the results of the July 1932 elections?
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Nazi's got 230 seats |
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