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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name all the food groups.
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Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein, Fibre, Vitamins and Minerals
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Why do you need energy?
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To fuel the chemical reactions in your body.
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What are the chemical reactions called?
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Metabolism
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What effects the rate of metabolism?
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Muscle to fat ratio; size; gender; exercise and inherited genes
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What does eating too much cause?
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Obesity that can lead to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease.
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What does eating too little cause?
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Malnutrition, which can lead to; slow growth; poor resistance to infection; irregular periods in women; scurvy and rickets.
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Not getting enough exercise can lead to...
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obesity.
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Some inherited factors can cause..
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an increase in cholesterol and an under active thyroid gland.
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Name the two main types of pathogen.
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Bacteria and viruses
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How do bacteria make you ill?
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By releasing toxins when they multiply and damaging cells.
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How can Viruses make you ill?
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By damaging cells.
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What do white blood cells do?
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White blood cells travel around the blood stream and target pathogens by producing antibodies (like anti-body they destroy bodies/don't confuse with antigens)
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What do antitoxins do?
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These counteract toxins produced by bacteria.
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What do vaccination involve?
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Injecting a person with a dead or inactive pathogen into a human.
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What happens to white blood cells when someone is vaccinated?
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They produce antibodies to attack the pathogens antigens. The white blood cells now have the antibodies so can produce them quicker.
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List the pros and cons of vaccinations.
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Pros-They help control infections, can prevent epidemics
Cons-Vaccines don't always work, vaccines can cause reactions (e.g. swelling, fever, seizures) |
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What is the difference between painkillers and antibiotics?
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Painkillers relive pain (duh!) but don't tackle the cause of the disease. Antibiotics kill (or prevent the growth of) bacteria but don't destroy viruses.
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What did Semelweis make people do?
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Wash hands and clean equipment.
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What is Antibiotic Resistance?
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It is when bacteria evolve to be resistant to some antibiotics.
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What is a stimulus?
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A change in your environment.
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Name the five sense organs.
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Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.
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What is the order of neurons in the reflex arc?
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Stimulus-sensory neuron-relay neuron-motor neuron, effector.
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What do reflexes prevent?
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Injury.
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Define Hormones.
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Hormones are chemical messages sent in the blood.
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Name the main differences between hormones and nerves.
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Nerves-Fast, Short time, Precise.
Hormones-slower, long time, general area. |
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What is FSH and what does it do?
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Follicle stimulating hormone-cause maturing of the egg. Stimulates the production of oestrogen.
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What is oestrogen and what does it do?
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inhibits FSH stimulates production of LH.
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What is LH and what does it do?
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Stimulates the release of an egg.
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What does progesterone do?
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It stimulates the production of cervical mucus that stops sperm reaching the egg.
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What is IVF?
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In vitro fertilization. It involves collecting eggs and sperm and fertilizing them in a lab. Then growing them into embryos and transferring them to a woman uterus.
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What is auxin?
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A plant growth hormone that conrols growth near tips of roots and shoots of plants. It is mainly on the dark side of roots.
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What is homostasis?
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All the functions of the body, which help maintain a constant internal temperature.
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What is a double blind trail?
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It is were neither the doctor nor the patient knows whether the drug is real or not.
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What is a recreational drug?
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A drug taken for fun.
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What was Lamarck's theory?
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That if, say giraffes, stretched to eat the top leaves then there offspring would have longer necks.
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What was Darwin's theory and why was it not excepted to start with?
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The theory of evolution. Animals had to adapt to survive. It was not excepted as there was no proof-this came with the discovery of genes and DNA.
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What is a trophic level?
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A feeding level in a pyramid of biomass.
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What is a Synapse?
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The connection between to neurones.
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