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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What does the nucleus of an atom contain? |
Protons and neutrons. |
Electrons are in energy shells. So the nucleus must contain the other two names you have learnt. |
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What is the charge of protons? |
Positive. |
Electrons are negatively charged. Protons are the opposites of electrons. |
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What is the charge of electrons? |
Negative. |
Protons are positively charged. Electrons are the opposite of protons. |
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What is the charge of neutrons? |
Neutral. |
An atom has no overall charge. The protons and electrons cancel each other out so neutrons must be... |
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What does the atomic number of an element stand for? |
The number of protons. |
The atomic number also tells you the number of electrons. |
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What does the mass number of an element stand for? |
The total number of protons and neutrons. |
It does not tell you anything about the number of electrons. |
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Where are the electrons found in an atom? |
In energy shells/levels. Also know as electronic shells/levels. |
They are not in the nucleus. |
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What is the overall charge of the nucleus? |
Positive. |
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. The neutrons have no charge. |
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What is an element? |
An element is a substance made from one type of atom only. |
They are made of one type of a certain thing. |
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What does the number of protons tell you about an atom? |
What type of atom it is. |
The number of protons is specific to each atom. |
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Approximately how many elements are there? |
Approx. 100. |
Between 50 and 150. A nice round number. |
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What do the columns in the periodic table show? |
Elements with similar properties. |
The columns are vertical. Lithium and potassium are in the same column. |
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What are the vertical columns called? |
Groups. |
They are numbered 1-8, with the last numbered as 0. |
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What makes the elements in the same group all very similar? |
They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. |
They have the same number of ______ in their outer shell. |
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What do the metals in Group 1 all do when they react with water? |
They all form an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas. |
They form a type of solution and a type of gas. |
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What do the metals in Group 1 all do when they react with oxygen? |
They form an oxide. |
The oxygen takes away a part of the element and leaves CO2. |
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What are the elements in Group 0 known as? |
The noble gases. |
Elements in Group 0 are: Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. |
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Why are the elements in Group 0 different from the other elements in the periodic table? |
They are all stable and unreactive as all their energy shells are full. Also, they do not all have the same number of electrons in their outer energy shell. |
The answer is linked to electrons and energy shells. |
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What is the maximum number of electrons allowed in the 1st energy shell? |
2. |
Between 1 and 5. |
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What is the maximum number of electrons allowed in the 2nd energy shell? |
8. |
It's the same number as the maximum allowed in the 3rd energy shell. |
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What is the maximum number of electrons allowed in the 3rd energy shell? |
8. |
It's the same number as the maximum allowed in the 2nd energy shell. |
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Why are atoms happier with full electrons shells? |
Because having full electrons shells makes them stable and unreactive. |
Think of the properties of the elements in Group 0. |
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How to do calculate the electronic structure of an element? |
Look at the atomic structure for the number of protons, which equals the number of electrons. Think of the maximum number of electrons allowed in each energy shell. Place each electron in the energy shells until there are no more to place. Make sure each energy shell is as full as possible. |
Think of the electron shell rules and the atomic number. |
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What is the electronic structure of nitrogen? |
The atomic number shows that it has 7 protons, so it has 7 electrons. The 1st energy shell can have 2 electrons, so that leaves you with 5 electrons left to place. The 2nd energy shell can have 8 electrons, so the rest of the electrons can all go in the 2nd shell. So a nitrogen atom has 2 energy shells. So the electronic structure is: 2,5. |
Nitrogen has 7 protons. The 1st energy shell can have up to 2 electrons. The 2nd energy shell can have up to 8 electrons. |
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What is the electronic structure for argon? |
The atomic number shows that it has 18 protons, so it has 18 electrons. The 1st energy shell can have 2 electrons, so that leaves you with 16 electrons. The 2nd energy shell can have 8 electrons, so that leaves you with 8 electrons. The 3rd energy she can have 8 electrons, so it can have all the remaining electrons. So an argon atom has 3 energy shells. So the electronic structure is: 2,8,8. |
Argon has 18 protons. The 1st energy shell can have up to 2 electrons. The 2nd energy shell can have up to 8 electrons. The 3rd energy shell can have up to 8 electrons. |
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Where are the metals in the periodic table? |
On the left. |
The non-metals are on the right. |
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Where are the non-metals in the periodic table? |
On the right. |
The metals are on the left. |
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Where are the transition metals in the periodic table? |
In the middle. |
They are between the metals and the non-metals. |
