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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotic |
Kill the pathogen if it is bacteria |
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Painkiller |
Work to relieve the symptoms of an infection. Drugs, therefore can become addictive |
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Alexander Fleming |
Microbiologist who discovered he first antibiotic (penicillin) |
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Specific antibiotic |
Narrow spectrum antibiotic so can act against a small variety of bacterium. |
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Non-Specific antibiotic |
Broad spectrum antibiotic, can act against a large variety of bacterium. |
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Why not viral infections? |
Virus enters human cell and reproduces. Antibiotics can't harm human cells so can't harm viruses. |
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Resistant bacteria |
A bacteria that can not be killed by an antibiotic. |
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Prevent antibiotic resistance? |
1) Don't use antibiotics with viruses 2) Only take when prescribed 3) Take full dose |
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Preclinical testing |
Tested on cells and tissues in a lab. Rest for toxicity. |
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Preclinical testing (2) |
Tested on animals. Carefully monitored for any toxicity. |
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Clinical trials |
Low doses are given to healthy volunteers to check for toxicity. |
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Clinical trials (2) |
Further trials to ill patients. |
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Clinical trial (3) |
Further trials for optimum dose |
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Double blind trial |
Half are given the new drug. Half are given a placebo. Neither patient nor doctor knows which is which |
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Blind trial |
Half are given the new drug. Half are given a placebo. Patients don't know which is which, but doctors do. Adminastatorative bias. |
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Binary fission |
Two things splitting |
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Antibody |
Proteins produced by B Cells (WBC). Each antibody has a shape specific to a particular antigen or molecule. |
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Monoclonal |
Single clone of cells |
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B Cells + Tumour Cells -> |
Hybridoma |
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Hybridoma -> |
Clone of cells |
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Clone of cells -> |
Monoclonal antibodies |
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Characteristics of B Cells |
Make specific antibodies, don't divide |
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Characteristics of tumour cells |
Don't make specific antibodies, do divide. |
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Characteristics of hybridoma cell |
Make specific antibodies, divide. |
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Characteristics of clone of cells |
All make specific antibodies, divide |
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Why are monoclonal antibodies different to a clone of antibody cells? |
They are purified and ready to use. |
