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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is typography in a nutshell? |
An arrangement of letters |
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What is a font? |
Refers to the actual files that permit the typeface to be set to an individual height, width or style |
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What is cap height? |
the measurement of the capital letter |
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What are three reasons to use an existing typeface? |
-Proven -Unity -Compliance |
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What does compliance refer to when selecting a typeface? |
does the typeface fit into the regulations |
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What are three factors that help selecting a typeface in signage?
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-Formal suitability -Stylistic longevity -Legibility |
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What does formal suitability refer to? |
How well or compatible atypeface is with it’s environment. |
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When were sans serifs created? |
the 1800s |
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What are traffic signs mostly set in: serif or sans serif? And why? |
Most traffic signs are serifs because sans serifs sometimes the strokes are too thin and hard to see from far away |
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Are sans serifs or serifs better for long documents? |
serifs |
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What does Stylistic Longevity refer to? |
how long will it be trendy? |
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Do script fonts have stylistic longevity? What are they best used for? |
No, they are better for an event that will be taken down after a week not for something that will be up for years to come |
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What does legibility refer to? |
Typeface is easyto read andunderstand |
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What 4 things should you look for when choosing a legible font? |
-Clear, defined and easy to recognize letterforms - Large “x-height” -Medium weight (stroke widths not too thick or thin) -Character width (not condensed or spaced out) |
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What is title case? |
First Letter Of Each Word Capitalized. |
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What is sentence case? |
First letter is uppercase the rest is lowercase/ |
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What does all uppercase usually indicate? |
Yelling |
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What are 3 reasons why icons in signage are useful? |
-Conserve sign space -Transcend language barriers -Streamline communication |
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What is a downside to icons? |
Some vary by culture, or need to be learned |
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What is more legible? Arrows with shafts or without shafts?
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Arrows with shafts |
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What are 2 example of icon libraries? |
-AIGA/DOTsymbol system - Symbols of Accessibility |
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What does AIGA stand for? |
American Institute of Graphic Arts |
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What does DOT stand for? |
Department of Transportation. |
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What is the minimum Light Reflectance Value (LRV) you want in a colour? |
70% |
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There are _____ of different colours in different cultures
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connotations |
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A colour may be ______ by official bodies |
Mandated |
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What will a matte finish do for your colour? |
colour will appear richer and deeper |
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The Pantone Matching System was developed to _____ colour |
standardize
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What is a test you can do to check the colour contrast on you design? |
Print in greyscale. |
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What goes in each letter? |
A: Prohibition C: Fire Fighting |
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Pantone Matching System is an ink _____ guide in the commercial print industry |
Mixing |
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Pantone Matching System is available in “______ _______” in Illustrator |
Swatches Pallette. |
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Give users enough time to ___ a message, _______ it and _____ on it safely by the time they need to make a decision |
Read, understand, act |
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For sizing of the type on a sign, what is the informal rule? |
Informal rule is 1:50. 1” of character height for every50 ft of viewing (measured on anrounded capital E, H, I) e.g. 500 ft of distance,cap height of 10”. |
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What is an optical centre? |
Having more space on the bottom rather than being in the dead centre. |
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What are 3 ways graphics can be applied to signs? |
-Flat -Raised -Engraved |
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What sre 7 examples of flat signs? |
-offset litho -digital press -silkscreen -inkjet -vinyl decals -porcelain -enamel -handpainting |
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What are 6 examples of a raised sign? |
-cut solid graphics -fabricated graphics -cast metal -cast plastic -photopolymer -3D Printing |
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What are 4 examples of an engraved sign? |
-sandblasted -acid etched -engraved/router -hand carving |
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What kind of runs is offset used for? |
Large runs 5000+ |
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What is the screen in screenprinting? |
Screen: woven piece offabric mesh stretchedtightly across a frame. |
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How does ink get onto the paper in screenprinting? |
Thick opaque inkstransfer through screenmesh (via squeegee)onto substrate |
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What is a stencil in screenprinting? |
Stencil: aka image area, photographically produced(photo emulsion) or cut and applied to screen(mylar/paper stencil) and applied to screen |
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What is a typical run length for screenprinting? |
Small or medium sizedproduction runs (around25- 250 copies..) |
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Does a surface have to be flat or porous to be screenprinted on? |
No, it can print on clothing, glass, metal,plastic: Surface does nothave to be flat or porous |
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What are 5 examples of signs made with screenprinting? |
-Stickers in public areas -Outdoor signage(Traffic,Yard, warning signs) - Glass, plexiglassdirectional signage -Gold leaf to guidedgraphics - Porcelain enamel: glassbased coating applied viasilkscreen |
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What are 4 advantages of screenprinting? |
-Low barriers to entry -Variety of substrates -Affordable for high volumesimple printing jobs -Excellent durability(indoor and outdoor) |
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What are 4 disadvantages of screenprinting? |
-Higher cost per unit on smallorders (long setup) -Good for only one design -Limits on total range(screen mesh) -Slower turnaround time dueto set up and curing |
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Is inkjet contact or non contact printing? |
Non-contact printing |
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what are 3 Ways to classify inkjetprinters? |
-How ink is dispensed -Transport systems -Types of ink |
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What are 3 characteristics of continuous inkjet? |
-Ink flows continuouslyfrom a reservoir -Very fast! -Wide gap between printhead and substrate(thicker material) |
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What is drop on demand inkjet? |
Drops ink only whenneeded |
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What is the ink in thermal drop on demand inkjet usually based on? |
usuallywater based |
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What is Piezoelectric drop on demand inkjet? |
usedby most devices,widervariety of inks |
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What are 3 characteristics of roll to roll transfer systems in inkjet? |
-Flexible material (in rolls) -Needs 2 sets of rolls (feed and collect roll) -Suited where change overs are limited |
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What are 2 characteristics of flatbed transfer systems in inkjet? |
- Substrate: placed onto a table/bed, held downby a vacuum system - Rigid materials (usually up to 2-4” thick) |
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What is a characteristic of hybrid transfer systems in inkjet? |
Run rolls &rigid materials |
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What is ink? |
- Made up of colorant and suspended in a carrier fluid - liquid mixture made up ofeither water/glycol or solvent |
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What is a colorant? |
Dye or pigment based |
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What are characteristics of dye? |
- larger gamut, fades morerapidly, variety of material -soaks into paper causing bleed |
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What are characteristics of pigment based inks? |
-most fade resistant -slow drying and takes time to adhere to page -stays on top of page more |
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What are 3 characteristics of aqueous ink? |
-Water, glycol and eitherdyes or pigments -Indoor graphics -Substrate needs coating to accept and hold thenon-penetrating ink |
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What are 5 characteristics of solvent ink? |
-Solvent based - has VOC(volatile organic compounds) - Ink dries through evaporation from dryer or via air -Flexible and durable -Outdoor and indoor usage - “light or eco-solvent” ink usuallycontains glycol and are slower are drying |
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What are 3 characteristics of UV cured ink? |
-Dry when cured with a UV light (ultra violet light) -Durable,abrasion resistant, waterproof, vibrant -Fastest growing segment of wide-format |
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What are 2 characteristics of Dye-sublimation ink? |
-Heat is used to transfer dye onto the substrate. - Used for proofing, producing photographicprints & FABRICS! |
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What are 7 characteristics of latex ink? |
-Relatively new -Water and latex pigment based (latex polymers in inkformulation, solidify once heated) -Wide colour range: Smooth surface is formed when ink dries - Indoor and outdoor use - Lower inkjet nozzle maintenance -Considered the “most” environmentally friendly -Odorless (creates more indoor possibilities) |
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What are three things that decides the type of inkjet device to use? |
-Application drives the choice of substrate -Substrate dictates the ink - Ink plays a role in choosing the printer |
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What are 4 advantages of inkjet? |
-Short run - economically(customization/versioning,one-off, environmental) - Range of substrates -Variety of inks (diffsubstrates & colors white,clear, metallic) -Quick turnaround |
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What are 3 disadvantages of inkjet? |
-Cost of inks -Slower and more $$for long runs -Durability? |
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Inkjet is ____format and digital printing is _____format |
wide, small |
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What is lithography laminating? |
printed paper is glued to thecorrugated board then it is converted into a display |
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What are 3 advantages to offset lithography? |
-High quality colour -Large production runs - Low $ per piece(in high QT) |
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What are 5 disadvantages to offset lithography? |
-Limited sheet size (generally29” x 40”) -Limited thickness -1-3 days to cure -Long setup of printers -Not great for outdoorsunless finished with anothermaterial |
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In what way does the digital press have a variety of quality? |
Desktop laser printer (about $100) to Digital Press (10 Million +) |
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Does the digital press have the same colour quality as offset? |
Yes, Full color image in one pass with almost the sameaccuracy as a offset press |
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What is xerography? |
No plates, Toner (ink pigments), uses positive electric charge in the drum and negative charge in toner |
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What are 4 advantages of digital printing? |
-Variable printing -Quick turnaround -Low cost for small runs -Color: good toexcellent (morespeciality colors as techincreases) |
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What are 3 disadvantages of digital printing? |
-Very limited sheet size(generally 13x19”) -Slower and more $$for long runs -Durability? |
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What dimensions does laser cutting use? |
X,Y and Z dimension
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What are 4 things laser cutting can be used for? |
- one-offs - mock-ups - cutting out a shape - engraving a design,pattern or image |
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What are 5 advantages of laser cutting? |
1. Low barriers to entry (forhome use laser cutters) 2. Variety of substrates 3. Repeatable, reliable 4. Low setup time 5. Cut narrow widths (materialsavings) |
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What are 6 disadvantages of laser cutting? |
1. Small Z dimension on compact units 2. Can’t cut/engrave every material -gas is created that you need toventilate 3. Poorly adjust lasers can cause burning 4. Difficulty cutting reflective metals &fabrics 5. Power consumption 6. Rate of production depends on thematerial |
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What does CNC stand for? |
Computer NumericalControl
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What kind of technology is a CNC router? |
reductive technology |
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What kind of materials can you use on a CNC router |
various hardmaterials |
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What kind of materials can you use on a laser cutter? |
Many materials, woodplastic, textiles, paper |
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In laser cutting, the laser follows along the_____ path to cut orengrave the shape |
vector |
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In laser cutting, there are calibration setting for laser _____, ______ and _______ |
power, focus and speed
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In a CNC Router, ____ change depending on material |
bits |
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A CNC router uses two software applications, one is to make the design and one is for the instructions for the machine. What are these called? |
Design: CAD Instructions: CAM |
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A CNC Router uses 3 axis for 3Dmotion control, what are they? |
X, Y, Z
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What 5 hings is a CNC Router used for? |
1. 3D Carving 2. Acrylic Fabrication 3. Aluminum and other lightmetals 4. Hardwood, Plywood andwood composites 6. Plexi, lexan and otherpolycarbonate material |
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What are 2 examples of signs that can be made with a CNC Router? |
1. Push Thru sign 2. Channel Letter signs |
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What are 6 advantages of a CNC Router? |
1. Wide range of materials 2. Accuracy & repeatability 3. Simple to operate 4. Reduces project costs andwaste 5. Quick! 6. Safe! |
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What are 3 disadvantages of a CNC Router? |
1. Costs more thanconventional machinery 2. Expensive tools partsand repairs 3. Errors can occur |
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Digital cutters are fairly new, they came out in the _____s. |
2000s |
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Digital Cutters started small but now machines are up to ___ x ___ ft |
5 x 20 |
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What are 2 other names for a digital cutter? |
Flatbed plotter,cutting table |
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The GCM Esko Kongsberg XE is an example of what? |
Digital Cutter |
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In a digital cutter a _____ reads marks on substrate and cuts orcreases following along the digital file |
camera |
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What 3 bits/blades do we have in the Kongsberg at GCM? |
the Static knife,crease wheel andVibrant tool |
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In a digital cutter, bits and blade choice is based on _____ |
substrate |
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A digital cutter can cut a huge range of materials. What are 10 examples of these materials? |
-cardboard -plastic -foam board -carpet -MDF -vinyl -paper -acrylic -wood -aluminum -textiles |
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What are 5 examples of signs that can be made with a cutting table? |
1. POP displays 2. packaging 3. posters 4. in store displays 5. foamcore signs, |
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What are 3 advantages of a digital cutter? |
1. Variety of materials, tools andknifes & bits, more are beingdeveloped 2. Accuracy & repeatability 3. Reduces project costs- andwaste |
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What are 2 disadvantages of a digital cutter? |
1. High cost to purchase 2. Can be slow to cut ifthe job is complex |
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What is a grommet? |
Small metal rings used to reinforce holes to hang banner |
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____ separate pieces are pressed together to make grommet |
two |
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What is the standard size of a grommet? |
3/8" |
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What 3 materials can a grommet be made of? |
-metal -plastic -rubber |
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What are 2 ways to install a grommet? |
1. by hand 2. pneumatic device |
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T or F? Grommets are strong, durable, proven, cheap &outdoor/indoor use |
True |
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What are power tabs? |
They clip to the corners of a banner to hang it |
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What are adhesive grommet tabs? |
Sticky tabs that stick to the corners of a banner to hang it |
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What are 4 ways to hem a banner? |
1. tape hem 2. sewn hem 3. no hem 4. welded hem |
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What is a welded hem? |
It is a hem that is sealed with heat |
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What are 4 characteristics of a sewn hem? |
1. double stitched edge 2. created by industrialsewing machine 3. very strong 4. visible stitches |
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If you have sewn hems can you reinforce the hems and the corners? |
Yes |
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What is the upside and downside of a taped hem? |
It is quick but not as proven as a sewn or welded hem |
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What are the two ways to use hemming tape? |
Single sided and double sided |
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How does single sided hemming tape work? |
apply to back to reinforcegrommets (no fold) |
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How does doube sided hemming tape work? |
Applied to back thenfold over banner |
