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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loiasis
Loa Loa |
Nematode spread by Chrysops fly
Infects tissue and under surface of eye |
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Onchocerciasis
Onchocerca volvulus |
Nematode spread by simulium (black flies)
In tissues and eyes treat with ivermectin |
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Leishmaniasis
aka kala azar Leishmania spp. |
Protozoan spread by sand flies
2 forms: cutaneous and visceral visceral results in swelling in spleen and liver in years |
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African sleeping sickness
trypanosoma brucei |
Protozoan spread by tsetse flies (glossina)
Chronic fever leading to paralysis and death |
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Chagas Disease
Trypanosoma cruzi |
protozoan spread by triatomine bug (kissing bug)
Chronic damage to heart and digestive tract |
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Plague
Yersinia pestis |
Bacteria spread by Xenopsylia (fleas)
Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic |
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Typhus
Rickettsia typhi and other Rickettsia |
Rickettsia spread by fleas, lice and ticks
high fever, not darrhea |
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Bartonellosis
Bartonella spp. |
Bacteria spread by fleas and lice
Cat scratch disease Trench Fever Oroya fever (by sandflies) |
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Babesiosis
Babesia spp. |
Protozoan spread by ticks
malaria like symptoms |
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Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia spp. |
Rickettsia spread by ticks
usually asymptomatic |
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Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Bacteria spread by Ixodes ticks
Bulls eye rash - erythema migrans neurologic symptoms |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsi |
Rickettsia spread by ticks
Most common rickettsial disease in US |
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Tularemia
Francisella tularensis |
Bacteria spread by ticks
aka Rabbit fever |
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4 Types of mosquitos
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Anopheles
Aedes Culex Mansonia |
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Glossina
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tsetse fly
spreads african sleeping sickness |
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Phlebotomous
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Sandflies
Spread leishmaniasis |
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Simulium
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Blackfly
spreads Onchocerciasis |
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Chrysops
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Deer Fly
spreads Loasis |
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Reduvid Bug
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kissing bug
Spreads Chagas disease |
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Xenopsylia
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Flea
Spreads plague and typhus |
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Pediculus
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Body Louse
Spreads trench fever |
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Leptotrobidium
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Mite
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Ixodes
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Tick
Spreads Lyme, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, RMSF and tularemia |
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Dracunculiasis
Guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis |
Nematode: consuming infected flea larvae in water
grows to 3 feet and painfully emerges |
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Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma spp. |
Trematode/Blood fluke: contact with snail infested water
enters through skin, damages bladder treat with praziquantel |
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Ascariasis
Ascaria lumbricoides |
Nematode: eating fecally contaminated food or soil
intestinal >1 billion worldwide infected |
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Trichuriasis
Trichuris trichiura |
whipworm: eating fecally contaminated food or soil
795 million worldwide infected |
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Hookworm
Necator americanus, etc |
Nematode: enters though bare feet but lives in intestine
bleeding and nutritional deficiency |
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Geohelminth
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treated with albensazole
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Clonorchiasis
Clonorchis sinensis |
Trematode / Liver fluke: eating undercooked freshwater fish
mainly in Asia |
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Echinococcosis
Hyatid cyst disease |
Cestode/tapeworm: mostly in dogs and sheep
causes cysts in liver and lungs in humans |
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Enterobiasis
Enterobius vermicularis |
Nematode/pinworm
most common intestinal parasite in US children, may cause itchiness collect with tape at night |
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Paragonimiasis
Paragonimus westermani |
Trematode/lung fluke: from eating undercooked freshwater crabs or crayfish
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Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloides stercoralis |
Nematode/threadworm: enters body through skin
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Taeniasis
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Cestode/tapeworm: eating undercooked meat
can embed in muscles, brain, and eyes |
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Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis |
Nematode: eating undercooked pork or beef
infects tissues, found worldwide |
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Ringworm
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Fungal: Not a worm infection
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HAART
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy
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ART
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antiretroviral drug
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HIV prevention ABCs
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A: Abstinence
B: Be Faithful C: Condom |
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Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Bacterial STI
Often asymptomatic, but can cause scarring and pain in women |
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Trachoma
Chlamydia trochomatis |
Bacterial STI
#1 cause of infectious blindness |
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Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Bacterial STI
Often asymptomatic but can cause scarring and pain in women |
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Hepatitis B
Hepadnaviridae family virus |
Viral STI
Infection can become chronic, leading to liver disease vaccine available |
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Hepatitis C
Flaviviridae family virus` |
Viral STI
Can cause cirrhosis of the liver No vaccine, treat with interferon |
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Herpes simplex
herpesviridae |
Viral STI
HSV-1: cold sores HSV-2: genital sores no vaccine |
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Human papilomavirus
papoviridae family |
Viral STI
Can cause genital warts and cervical cancer |
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Syphilis
Treponema pallidum |
Bacterial STI
3 stages: rash or chancre, rash, weaken arteries and nervous system impairment |
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Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis |
Protozoan (flagellate) STI
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Top 3 nosocomial infections
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Pneumonia (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Gastroenteritis (E. Coli) Bed Sores (S. aureus) |
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Common drug resistant bacteria
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MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and VRSA
VRE: vancomycin-resistant enterococci DRSP: drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae MDR-TB + XDR-TB |
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Marburg virus
Filoviradae family |
Viral infection
hemorrhagic fever transmission mode/reservoir unk 2005 outbreak in Angola |
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Ebola Virus
Filoviradae family |
Viral infection
hemorrhagic fever bloodborne + p2p / reservoir unk identified in 1976 |
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Hendra virus
Paramyxoviradae family |
Viral infection
animal reservoir, likely bats outbreaks in AUS encephalitis |
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Nipah virus
Paramyxoviradae family |
Viral infection
animal reservoir, likely bats outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore encephalitis |
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Lassa fever
Arenaviradae family |
Viral infection
Res. in rats, trans. in excreta most common complication in hearing loss West Africa |
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Q fever
Coxiella burnetti |
Bacterial infection
Res - Cattle, sheep, goats Trans - inhalation of excreta highly infectious (single org) can damage heart valves |
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3 forms of anthrax
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Cutaneous (eschar)
Gastrointestinal Inhalation (no p2p) |
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Botulism
Clostrium botulinum |
Bacterial / Spore / Toxin
Trans - food or wound entry Symptoms - double vision, paralysis blocks release of AcH |
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Ricin
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Toxin
Trans - inhalation, ingestion, absorption Symptoms - difficulty breathing, multi-organ failure |
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Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B
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Toxin
Trans - inhalation or ingestion Food poisoning high case fatality if not treated |
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Glanders
Burkholderia mallei |
bacterial infection
Res - horses, donkeys, mules Trans - contact with infected animals forms skin lessions, organ abscesses |
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Melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei |
Bacterial infection
aka whitmore's disease trans - soil and water SE Asia and AUS forms skin lessions, organ abscesses |
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Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis |
Bacteria / spore infection
3 types / transmissions Res - endemic in some animals, soil can remain infectious 50 years |
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Smallpox
Variola major, orthopoxvirus |
Viral infection
Trans - airborne / droplets most infectious when pox first appear vaccine up to 4 days post infection extemities to trunk |
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Tularemia
Francisella tularensis |
Bacterial infection
Res - rabbits Trans - animal contact, insects, soil low infective dose, peumonic |
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Brucellosis
Brucella spp. |
Bacterial infection
trans - direct skin, unpast dairy low dose / very stable |
