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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Demography
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Study of characteristics of human populations- is an interdisciplinary undertaking.
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What is a Census?
Who uses it most often? |
The count of people in a country, region or city.
Governments use them to collect a variety of demographic statistics, through which they assess the state of the population. |
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Problems with a Census?
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Expensive, takes a long time to tabulate, doesn't necessarily represent all groups accurately.
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What statistics are included in Vital Records?
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Info about births, deaths, marriages, divorces and incidences of infectious diseases.
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What factors determine and shape population distribution (density)?
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- Economic and Political Factors
- Accessibility - Topography - Fertility of Soil - Climate and Weather - Water availability - Abundance of natural resources |
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Three Numerical Measures of Density?
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- Crude Density, AKA arithmetic density (Total number of people / Total land area)
- Nutritional Density (Ratio between number of people and fertile land) - Agricultural Density (Ratio between number of people and number of farmers working on fertile land.) |
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Where is 70% of Canada's population located?
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Within 150 km from the US border
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What is the most effective way of displaying demographic statistics?
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Age-Sex Pyramids
Essentially a bar graph that is shown horizontally. |
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What is a cohort, and are the three types of it?
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Group of individuals that share a common demographic experience. Not necessarily based off of age but often is.
Youth Cohort- Younger than 15, can't take part in labour force. Middle Cohort- Aged 15-64, considered to be active parts of economy and society. Old-Age Cohort- Older than 65, no longer economically active. |
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Characteristics of Youth Cohort
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- Shrinking rapidly
- Threatening educational institutions due to lowering enrollment rates |
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Characteristics of Middle Cohort
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- Many from the baby boom generation occupy high positions in societal institutions.
- These individuals in important decisions are either already at mid-career, or nearing retirement. - Have biggest demand for housing, therefore this cohort has a large part in shaping our cities. |
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Characteristics of Old-Age Cohort
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- Increased emphasis on health care and pension provision due to the increasing numbers of individuals in this cohort.
- Has given rise to the idea of "Pronatalism", which believes that declining birth rates are the source of these problems, and doing the opposite by having tons of babies is just what's needed. |
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What do CBR, CDR and TFR stand for and mean?
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Crude Birth Rate- Number of live births per 1000 people in a population.
Crude Death Rate- Number of deaths per 1000 people in a population. Total Fertility Rate- Projected statistic that determines the average number of children a woman will have. |
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Difference between Natural Increase and Natural Decrease
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Natural Increase is the surplus of births over deaths.
Natural Decrease is the deficit of births to deaths. |
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Why is Infant Mortality Rate considered an important statistic?
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Ideal indicator of health care service within a country, often a higher rate in peripheral nations.
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What does Demographic Transition mean?
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Model of population change wherein high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates.
Decreases in population growth attribute to increased standards of living, |
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Different Types of Mobility
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Migration- Long-distance move to a new location
Emigration- A movement where an individual vacates a country. Immigration- A movement where an individual arrives in a new country. International Migration- Move from one country to another Internal Migration- Moving within a region or country. |
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Push and Pull Factors. What are they?
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Migrants make their decisions to move based on push and pull factors.
Push factors compel an individual to move AWAY. Examples include war and no economic opportunities. Pull factors draw migrants in and influence them to move TO an area. Examples include location, job opportunities. |
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What has been responsible for shaping Canada's population over the course of the years?
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IMMIGRATION.
It has happened in many successive waves over Canada's history, from a variety of locations around the world, to a variety of regions within Canada. |
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Thomas Malthus. What's his deal?
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- Believed population growth could be seen as relative to food supply in an area.
- Says that it is inevitable that human populations will exhaust food supplies. - |
