Gastrulation And Taxonomy

Front 1

rapid mitosis with no G1 phase

Back 1

cleavage

Front 2

purpose of cleavage

Back 2

take the zygote from macro to microscopic

Front 3

a solid ball of cells (between 8-cell stage and blastula)

Back 3

morula

Front 4

hollow ball of cells

Back 4

blastula

Front 5

hollow inside of blastula

Back 5

blastocoel

Front 6

place where the blastula caves in

Back 6

blastopore

Front 7

innermost layer of tissue

Back 7

endoderm

Front 8

middle layer of tissue

Back 8

mesoderm

Front 9

outermost layer of tissue

Back 9

ectoderm

Front 10

gastrulation creates a hole in the blastula called the ___

Back 10

blastopore

Front 11

process of the blastula caving in

Back 11

gastrulation

Front 12

derived from a common ancestor

Back 12

monophyletic

Front 13

sponges

Back 13

porifera

Front 14

anemones, jellyfish, things with stingers

Back 14

cnidaria

Front 15

comb jellies

Back 15

ctenophora

Front 16

flatworms

Back 16

platyhelminthes

Front 17

pond critters

Back 17

rotifera

Front 18

roundworms

Back 18

nematoda

Front 19

clams, oysters

Back 19

mollusca

Front 20

earthworms, leeches

Back 20

annelida

Front 21

insects, crabs, spiders, things with an exoskeleton

Back 21

arthropoda

Front 22

starfish, sea cucumbers

Back 22

echinodermata

Front 23

vertebrates

Back 23

chordata

Front 24

the prefix para- means...

Back 24

next to

Front 25

prefix eu- means...

Back 25

good/true

Front 26

it's a true coelum if the space is completely surrounded by ___

Back 26

mesoderm

Front 27

where is the endoderm?

Back 27

digestive lining
respiratory tract
pancreas
gall bladder
liver

Front 28

where is the mesoderm?

Back 28

muscles
circulatory system
organs
bones
cartilage

Front 29

where is the ectoderm?

Back 29

skin
hair
nails
brain
spinal cord
nervous system

Front 30

which phyla are protostomes?

Back 30

mollusca, annelida, arthropoda

Front 31

which phyla are deuterostomes?

Back 31

echinodermata, chordata

Front 32

what's the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes at the eight-cell stage?

Back 32

protostomes have spiral cleavage and the cells are determinate.
deuterostomes have radial cleavage and the cells are indeterminate.

Front 33

when solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom

Back 33

schizocoelous (for protostomes)

Front 34

when folds of the archenteron form the coelom

Back 34

enterocoelous (for deuterostomes)

Front 35

in protostomes, what does the blastopore develop into?

Back 35

the mouth

Front 36

in deuterostomes, what does the blastopore develop into?

Back 36

the anus

Front 37

parazoa

Back 37

porifera

Front 38

radiata

Back 38

cnidaria & ctenophora

Front 39

acoelomates

Back 39

platyhelminthes

Front 40

pseudocoelomates

Back 40

rotifera & nematoda

Front 41

coelomates

Back 41

mollusca, annelida, arthropoda
echinodermata, chordata

Front 42

protostomia

Back 42

mollusca, annelida, arthropoda

Front 43

deuterostomia

Back 43

echinodermata, chordata

Front 44

what's a pseudocoelomate?

Back 44

organism with a "fake" body cavity, not enclosed on both sides by mesoderm

Front 45

having only 2 of the germ tissue layers

which phyla?

Back 45

diploblastic

cnidaria, ctenophora

Front 46

having no true tissues

Back 46

parazoa

Front 47

diploblastic with radial symmetry

Back 47

radiata

Front 48

triploblastic with bilateral symmetry

Back 48

bilateria

Front 49

having 3 layers of tissue

Back 49

triploblastic

Front 50

how do most animals get their nutrients?

Back 50

ingestion

Front 51

protein found only in animals that helps support the cell membrane

Back 51

collagen

Front 52

2 types of specialized cells in animals

Back 52

muscle and nerve

Front 53

hollow ball of cells

Back 53

blastula

Front 54

cell as a result of gastrulation

Back 54

gastrula

Front 55

sexually immature form of an animal that is different from the adult

Back 55

larva

Front 56

larvae go through ____ to develop into ______, which are sexually immature but look like adults

Back 56

metamorphosis, juveniles

Front 57

DNA sequence that regulates expression of a gene

Back 57

homeobox sequence

Front 58

gene that contains the homeobox

Back 58

Hox gene

Front 59

genes that regulate the formation of the anterior-posterior axis, among other developmental aspects

Back 59

Hox genes

Front 60

early group of soft-bodied eukaryotes

Back 60

Ediacaran biota

Front 61

wave of animal diversification

Back 61

Cambrian explosion

Front 62

particular set of morphological and developmental traits, integrated into a functional whole

Back 62

body plan

Front 63

interface between evolution and development

Back 63

evo-devo

Front 64

an animal with no r/l side that is divided into mirror images by any slice through it

Back 64

radial symmetry

Front 65

an animal with r/l side has ____ symmetry

Back 65

bilateral

Front 66

"true animals"

Back 66

eumetazoa

Front 67

evolutionary trend of sensory equipment concentrated at the anterior end

Back 67

cephalization

Front 68

living attached to a substrate

Back 68

sessile

Front 69

drifting or weakly swimming

Back 69

planktonic

Front 70

___ animals move actively from place to place

Back 70

bilateral

Front 71

all animals are traced back to a ____

Back 71

choanoflagellate

Front 72

germ layer on outer surface of embryo

Back 72

ectoderm

Front 73

innermost germ layer

Back 73

endoderm

Front 74

all bilaterally symmetrical animals are ___

Back 74

triploblastic

Front 75

cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall

Back 75

coelom

Front 76

group whose members share key biological features

Back 76

grade

Front 77

group that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants

Back 77

clade