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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Are periodontal disease and tooth loss a normal result of aging? And is it prevalent in older adults?
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NO it does not result fromt he aging process itself, but it IS prevalent in older adults.
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The _____ is the largest gland in the body and weighs ______.
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liver; 3 lbs
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What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
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A, D, E, & K
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***REMEMBER ADEK***
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What is the recommended intake of H2O per day?
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1,500 to 2,000 mL/day as fluid
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this can be the H2O obtained thru juice, milk, coffee, etc as well
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What is the normal adult values of serum amylase for an adult?
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25-130 U/L
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What DX test is used to assess HydroChloric Acid & for the presence of H Pylori in the stomach.
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gastric analysis
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The urea breath test is a DX test used to detect infection with _______.
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H Pylori bacteria
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An Esphageal manometry measures pressures of the esophageal _____ & esophageal _______.
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sphincters & peristalsis
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An ____________ is a imaging study flat plate of the abdomen. It is used to evaluate abdominal pain, detect _____ _____, ________ enlargement or rupture, massess, obsturuction, or foreign bodies.
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Abdominal ultrasound; fluid collections & organ enlargment
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An Upper GI Series uses contrast media, floroscopy, & still pictures to assess the structure and peristralsis of what 3 things?
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esophagus, stomach, & upper small intestine
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Morbid obesity is body weight of ___________ over ideal weight.
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more than 100%
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There is a strong link between _______ & obesity.
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heredity
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A person with one obese parent has a _____% chance of becoming obese; a person with two obese parents has an _____% chance.
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1 parent = 40%
2 parents = 80% |
remember it doubles
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Upper body obesity is defined as ____________ obesity. and Lowere body obesityis defined as _______ obesity.
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Upper = central
Lower = peripheral |
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Approximately half of all hospitalized adults are _______ & at risk for _______. Carefully assess your client's food & fluid intake, and alert the charge nurse or MD when ___________, _____, or _______ status interfere with intake.
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malnourished or @ risk for PCM; alert of poor appetite, nausea or NPO staus interfereance
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Approximately half of all hospitalized adults are _______ & at risk for _______. Carefully assess your client's food & fluid intake, and alert the charge nurse or MD when ___________, _____, or _______ status interfere with intake.
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malnourished or @ risk for PCM; alert of poor appetite, nausea or NPO staus interfereance
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List the steps to measuring a nasogastric tube: (1) Hold the tip of the tube at the client's ________ (2)extend the tube to the _________ and (3) then to the tip of the _______
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1. nose
2. tip of the earlobe 3. tip of the sternum |
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_________ feedings may be used to meet all or part of the nutritional needs in clients who are unable to eat.
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Enteral or tube
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DEFINE: intravenous administration of a solution that meets all the client's nutritional needs (with the exception of ________). **Give both names**
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Total parenteral nutrition (TPN or hyperalimentation); fiber
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With eternal feedings when must you check residual stomach contents?
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prior to intermittent feedings or every 4 hours if continuous.
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When you check the residual contents, you should withhold the feeding if more than _______ of Gastrostomy tube or _____ of a nasogastric tube is obtained. Do you notify the charge nurse or doctor?
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100 mL = gastrostomy
200 mL = NG tube yes notify charge nurse or MD |
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MATCHING
A) Anesthetics B) Antacids C) Antifungal Agents D) H2-Receptor Blockers E) Proton Pump Inhibitors 1) Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) 2) Anbesol 3) Nizatidine (Axid) 4) Nystatin 5) Rabeprazole (Aciphex) |
A2) Anesthetics = Anbesol
B1) Antacids = Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) C4) Antifungal Agents = Nystatin D3) H2-Receptor Blockers = Nizatidine (Axid) E5) Proton Pump Inhibitors = Rabeprazole (Aciphex) |
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In a hiatal hernia most people have no symptoms HOWEVER if your client does have pain it will be in the _________ region.
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substernal
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A niatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the opening of the ________ into the _________.
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diaphragm into chest cavity
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What is the most common type of hernia?
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sliding
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With a sliding hernia, part of the stomach slides through the opening of the diaphragm when the client _______ & moves back into place when the client ________.
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reclines = out; stands = in
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With a paraesophageal hernia, part of the ______ protrudes through the opening beside the ________.
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stomach thru esophagus
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The most common symptom with esophageal cancer is _________, it often does not develop until late in the disease. Other symptoms include reflux, weight loss, regurgitation, & blood loss - when do these occur early or late in the disease.
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dysphagia; the other symptoms occur even the other.
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One manifestation of gastroenteritis is borborygmi which means what?
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exccessively loud, hyperactive bowel sounds
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What is the disease/organism that causes gastroenteritis & whose source is raw or improperly cooked meat/poultry/eggs/dairy products?
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salmonellosis (salmonella)
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think chicken
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What is the most important factor on the post-op pt receiving food/drink?
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you must withhold all food & fluids until gag & swallow reflexes have returned
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Proton Pum Inhibitors significantly reduce _________. They are used to ____ & ________ _____ of peptic ulcers and for GERD.
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Gastric acid secretion; heal & prevent recurrence
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The H2-Receptor Blocker _______ is used to reduce the volume and concentraton of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
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Cimetimdne (Tagamet)
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With peptic ulcer disease, drug therapy is used to _______ H. pylori and ___________.
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eradicatel; heal existing ulcers
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What is the commonly perscribed combination of drugs used to TX H. pylori infection?
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1 proton pum inhibitor (such as Prilosec) along with 2 antibiotics
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You should always measure urine output and report output of less than ____________. Low urine output may indicate poor renal blood flow due to _______ and decreased ____ _____, and an increased risk for acute renal failure.
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30 mL/hr for 2 consecutive hours; hypovolemia & cardiac output
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Cancer of the stomach has been linked to what food product?
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smoked meats
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think back....this is from nutrition
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A total gasterectomy is what? And after this procedure the individual with have to have what for life?
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removal of the entire stomach before metastases develop; B-12 shot
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Diarrhea is DX if you have over ____ stools per day. Constipation is if you have ________ per week.
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> 3 per day = diarrhea; 2 or less per week = constipation
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What are the situations in which you should NEVER give a laxative?
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if a bowel obstruction or an impaction is suspected; nor to people with abdominal pain of unknown cause.
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What can happen if you administer laxatives or cathartics when the bowel is obstructed?
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it may damage the bowel & lead to perforation
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MATCHING:
A. Dicusate (Colace) B. Magnesium Citrate (Citrate of Magnesia) C. Magnesium Citrate or Sorbitol D. Methylcellulose (Citrucel) E. Prednisone or Solu-Medrol F. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) 1. Bowel Preparation Cathartics 2. Cathartics 3. Corticosteroids 4. Laxatives 5. Local Anti-Inflammatory Agents 6. Stool Softeners |
A6. Stool Softeners = Dicusate (Colace)
B1. Bowel Preparation Cathartics = Magnesium citrate (Citrate of magnesia) C2. Cathartics= Magnesium Citrate or Sorbitol D4. Laxatives = Methylcellulose (Citrucel) E3. Corticosteroids = Prednisone or Solu-Medrol F5.Local Anti-Inflammatory Agents = Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) |
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__________ System regulation of the motor & sensory funtions of the bowel is altered in IBS.
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Central Nervous
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When clients with irritable bowel syndrome are seen in the acute care setting, the disorder usually is ___________.
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a secondary condition
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What are dietary sources of glutten?
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bread, pasta, cereal, desserts & pastries made with wheat, rye, oats or barley; malt, postum, Ovaltine, beer/ale, root bear, some whiskey, commericial salad dressings/sauces; nondairy creamer
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THERE are many but dont forget the ALL CAPS ONE!!!!
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The _____ in lab work is elecated in appendicitis.
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white blood count (WBC)
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Withhold all food & fluids from the clients with suspected __________ because _________ is the TX of choice.
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appendicitis; surgery
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DEFINE: a double-layered membrane that lines the walls and organs of the abdominal cavity.
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peritoneum
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In peritonitis the inflammaroty process causes a fluid shift into the peritoneal space; this is called ________.
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third-spacing
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________ tends to affect the large bowel in a continuous pattern, whereas ________ primarily affects the small intestin in a patchy pattern.
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Ulcerative colitis = large bowel & continuous pattern
Chron's disease = small intestine & patchy pattern |
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Ulcerative colitis is thought to be an ______________ disorder.
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autoimmune
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Decide if it is Ulcerative Colitis or Chrohn's Disease:
1. malabsorportion = Crohn's 2. Blood & mucus in stool = Ulcert Col 3. 5 to 30 stools perday = Ulcert Col 4. diarrhea common but less severe = Crohn's 5. Toxic megacolon, perforation, massive hemorrhage = Ulcert Col 6. LLQ crampy abdo pain relieved by defecation = Ulcert Col 7. No obovious blood or mucous in stool = Crohn's 8. Colon cancer = both 9. RLQ pain or central abdo pain, cramping & steady = Crohn's |
1. malabsorportion = Crohn's
2. Blood & mucus in stool = Ulcert Col 3. 5 to 30 stools perday = Ulcert Col 4. diarrhea common but less severe = Crohn's 5. Toxic megacolon, perforation, massive hemorrhage = Ulcert Col 6. LLQ crampy abdo pain relieved by defecation = Ulcert Col 7. No obovious blood or mucous in stool = Crohn's 8. Colon cancer = both 9. RLQ pain or central abdo pain, cramping & steady = Crohn's |
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The leading cause of death in these clients with ulcerative colitis is ________
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Colon perforation
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_________ is characterized by paralysis of the colon with significant distention, usually in the transverse segment fo the large bowel.
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Toxic megacolon
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An acute decrease in diarrhea stool may signal this complication
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Which of these can effect the entire GI tract? Ult colitis or Chron's disease
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Chron's disease
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Regional enteritis is a chronic, relapsing inflammaroty disorder of the GI tract. It is also called?
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Crohn's disease
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Croh's disease can affect any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, but it usually affects what two areas?
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the distal portion of the small intestine and the ascending colon.
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Long-standing Crohn's disease increase the risk of cancer of the small intestine or colon by ___________.
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5 - 6 times
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What TX cures ulcerative colitis?
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Surgical removal of the colon
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What is the primary complication associated with colorectal cancer?
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bowel obstruction due to tumor growth
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Is an ileostomy or colostomy always permanent or can the at times be temporary?
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they can be temporary
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Are there any type of activities that people with an ostomy should be careful with or avoid?
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contact sports
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The manifestations of small-bowel obstruction depend on _______ and where it occurs.
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how fast the obstruction develops
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Pt presents with borborygmi,intermittent abdo pain that is increasing with intensity and vomiting that smells like feces. You determine that the MD will probably DX this pt with what?
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small-bowel obstruction
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______ result from inadequate healing of a surgical incision.
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ventral hernias
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Pregnancy increase inta-abdominal pressure and also is an important cause of ______.
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hemorrhoids
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DEFINE: a severe, steady pain in the RUQ or epigastric region of the abdomen that begins suddenly following a meal and may radiate to the back or right shoulder.
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biliary colic
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Cholestyramine (Questran) is a drug that binds with _______ to promote their excertion.
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bile salts
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think gallbladder
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After a cholecystectomy the client c/o shoulder pain. Is this cause for concern?
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No it is caused by the abdomen being inflated with carbon dioxide during surgery. As the gas is absorbed the pain will subside.
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Coughing, deep breathing & early ambulation are vital to prevent _______________ because of the upper abdominal incision.
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respiratory complications
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A t-tube keeps the duct open & promotes bile flow until edema decreases. Does the edema reduce because of removal of bile or does the body naturally do it?
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the removal of bile does NOT make the edema go down; the T-tube lets the bile drain out while the body is NATURALLY reducing edema.
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The course of acute viral hepatitis generally follows three phases. The phase that is referred to as the "jaundice" phase develops after 5 to 10 days. Name the phase.
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icteric
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When testing for hepatitis there is an elevation found in the serum __________.
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bilirubin
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During the preicteric or proromal phase you will see manifestations of acute viral hepatitis that mimic ________.
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The flu - malaise, fatigue, h/a, muscle aches, nasal d/c, sore throat, anorexia, n/v, diarrhea or constipation, joint pain, mild & constant RUQ abdo pain
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In the icteric phase of acute viral hepatitis you will see what manifestations?
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jaundice, pruritus, clay-colored stools, dark urine
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In the posticteric or convalescent phase you will notice that well-being ______ & energy _______ & jaundice _______.
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well-being improves, energy increases, jaundice resolves
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DEFINE: elevated b/p in the portal vein that carries venous blood from the gut through the liver.
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portal hypertension
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DEFINE: an accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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ascites
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Spironolactone is a diuretic that reduces ascites by increasing urine output and decreasng aldosterone levels.
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potassium-sparing
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1. Neomycin sulfate is a gastrointestinal antibiotic that is used to destroy intestinal ________ and decrease ______ ________ in the bowel.
2. It is classified as an __________ _________. |
1. bacteria & ammonia production
2. anti-infective agents |
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What is the thing you should have the client do immediately prior to a paracentesis?
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void
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this helps to avoid bladder puncture
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What should you keep at the beside for a patient with a Sengstaken-Blakemore NG tube?
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large syringe or scissors
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A 18yr old male has been brought into the ER after a severe MVA which cause liver trauma. Nursing care should focus on preventing and treating _________.
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hypovolemic shock
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__________ is the primary risk factor for chronic pancreatitis, a disease that eventually leads to pancreatic insufficiency.
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Alcoholism
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What position aggrevates the pancreas and therefore can often manifest as "fear of the night" for many pts?
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recumbant
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In a Whipple's procedure, the remaining pancreas and stomach are sutured to the ___________.
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side of the jejunum
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