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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Causes of dysphagia |
Oral: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess, painful mouth ulcers. Neurological: bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, cerebrovascular accident. Neuromuscular: achalasia, myasthenia gravis. Mechanical: oesophageal cancer, extrinsic compression eg lung cancer |
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. |
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Causes of ascites |
Common: Hepatic cirrhosis with portal HTN, Intra-abdominal malignancy with peritoneal spread. Uncommon: Hepatic vein occlusion (Budd Chiari syndrome), Constrictive pericarditis, Hypoproteinemia (Nephrotic syndrome), Pancreatitis. |
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Causes of Leukonychia |
Hypoalbuminemia, Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor), Malabsorption due to protein losing enteropathy (Coeliac disease), Heavy and prolonged proteinuria (Nephrotic syndrome) |
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Causes of hepatomegaly |
Chronic parenchymal liver disease: Alcoholic liver disease, Hepatic steatosis, Viral hepatitis, Primarily biliary cirrhosis. Malignancy: Primary hepatocellular ca, Secondary metastatic ca. Right heart failure. Hematological disorder: Leukemia, Polycythemia, Lymphoma. Rarities: Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome. |
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Causes of splenomegaly |
Hematological disorders: Lymphoma and lymphatic leukemias, Polycythemia Vera, Haemolytic anemia (Congenital spherocytosis). Portal hypertension. Infections: Malaria, Kalazar, Brucellosis, Tuberculosis. SLE Rare: Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis. Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis. |
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Bowel sounds are absent in? |
Paralytic ileus, Peritonitis. |
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