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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antacids |
Neutralize stomach secretions doesn't prevent anything, but will take care of the acid problem that's already there |
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AlternaGel & BasaGEL |
-Antacids -Aluminum Salts -Constipating, so it's often mixed with Milk of Magnesium -Renal Failure pt's cannot take combo forms because of Magnesium |
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Milk Of Magnesium |
-Antacid -Magnesium Salt -Causes Diarrhea -Used on post-op patients who don't really need a laxative -Cannot be given to pt's who have renal failure |
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Tums & Rolaids |
-Calcium Carbonate Antacids -CAUSES KIDNEY STONES IF USED TO MUCH, OR COULD AGGRAVATE KIDNEY STONES IN A PT WHO ALREADY HAD THEM -Works very fast, -REBOUND EFFECT IF USED TOO OFTEN-STOMACH WILL PRODUCE EVEN MORE ACID, MAKING THINGS WORST |
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Baking Soda |
-Sodium Bicarbonate Antacid -Used to treat heart burn -Rebound effect- METABOLIC ALKALOSIS (if used too much) -Should not be given to the elderly |
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Antacids |
-Interferes with absorption of other thing (meds, nutrients) -Changes Urinary PH and absorption -Should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after other medications |
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Histamine H2 Blockers |
-Reduce acid secretions -Caution in the use of the elderly -Most end in DINE -Usually have to use everyday, sometimes 2x per day -Used a lot to treat GERD, esophagitis & GI bleeding used for patients who cannot take PPI'S -Does not work immediately -Not a lot of side effects -WORKS BETTER IF NOT TAKEN WITH ANTACIDS OTC |
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Cimetidine (Tagment) |
-Used to treat heartburn -NEVER SHOULD BE USED IN THE ELDERLY, CHANGES A PT WHO HAS EARLY DEMENTIA INTO A "WILD PERSON" Histamine H2 blocker |
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Famotidine (pecid, pecid AC) |
-Treats indigestion (dyspesia), heartburn and Ulcers -Histamine H2 blocker |
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Ranitidine (Zantac) |
-Most commonly used Histamine H2 Blocker -Treats idgestion,heartburn,ulcers & Erosive esophagitis |
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PROTON PUMP IINHIBITORS (PPI'S) |
-First line choice for erosive esophagitis, symotomatic GERD that is poorly responsive to other medical treatment such as with H2 receptor blockers , stress ulcers and prophalaxis -short term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers -Blocks acid from being pumped -CANNOT CRUSH OR CHEW, TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH 30-60 MIN, BEFORE EATING -ends is prazole -Given when patients are taking daily NSAIDS Sometimes they may cause C-DIFF in a patient who has had it before -Treatment of H-PYLORI induced ulcers -Very worried about FRACTURES, questionable osteoporosis in long-term use patients (Lansoprazole-(prevacid), Omeprazole(prilosec), (pantoprazole(protonix)- Available in IV route, treats GI bleeding and stress ulcers) , esomeprazole(nexium), rabeprazole (AcipHEX |
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PPI'S ADVERSE EFFECTS |
-PNEUMONIA, FRACTURES, CDIFF |
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Sulcralfate(carafate) |
-topical -Treats active stress ulcers,PUD -helps build protective lining, so it affects absorption of other meds, ALWAYS GIVEN 2HRS APART FROM ANYTHING ELSE, NOT USED OFTEN, HAVE TO TAKE 4X/DAY |
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Misoprotsol (Cytotec) |
-PREGNANCY-X -CAUSES ABORTIONS/MISCARRAGIE -Promotes protective lining -prevents incidence of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDS -often produce abdominal cramps & diarrhea |
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SIMETHICONE (Gas-X), (Mylicon) |
-Antiflatulent drug (anti gas) -used to reduce the discomforts of gastric or intestinal gas -alters the elasticity of gas bubbles causing them to break into smaller ones |
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Chronic Diarrhea |
-last more than 3-4 weeks -chronic inability to absorb nutrients -meds will not get absorbed correctly (malabsorption) Goal: relieve pain,frequency, replinish electrolytes |
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Bismuth subsalicylate (peptol Bismol) |
Used to treat diarrhe -NOT USED IN CHILDREN/teens WHO HAS THE CHICKEN POX OR FLU -ADVERSE EFFECTS SIMILAR TO ASPIRIN *CAUSES BLUE/BLACKISH TONGUE/GUMS -MAY CAUSE DARK STOOLS -ADSORBENT ANTIDIARRHEAL |
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Belladonna Alkaloids |
-Antimotility (Anticholinergics) -Don't use in cardiac and renal patients -Slows down fecal matter through GI tract |
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Loperamide (immodium)- OTC Diphenoxylate(lomotol)-prescription |
Opiod antidiarrheals -patient prone to constipation -decrease bowel motility & reduce pain -treating diarrhea |
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L. Acidophlus |
-Probiotic -replaces good intestinal bacteria lost in diarrhea -advise pt to eat yogurt to get supply -least problematic |
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Methylcelluos (citrucel) Psyllium (metamucil) |
-bulk forming laxatives -absorbs water to increase bulk -patient can take this everyday with ATLEAST 80Z of water -contains fiber |
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Polyethylene glycol (mirlax) GoLYTELY |
-hyperosmotic laxative -Patient should be NPO for 4 hours before drinking -actively increase fecal water content -used as a bowel prep, cleans the patient out |
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Magnesium Citrate (citroma), magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesium) |
-used as a bowel prep & to treat -Saline laxative constipation. Contraindicated in Cardiac and prostate patients Adverse effects: cramping diarrhea |
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Senna(senekot) Bisacodyl(Ducolax)-most common |
-stimulant laxative -increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve -stimulates bowel Treats constipation |
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Methylnaltrexone (relistor) Alvimopan (Entereg) |
-peripherally acting opioid antagonist -used on patients who has constipation DIRECTLY related to opioid use -used on pts who have had nerve ending damage Blocks entrance of opioid into bowel |
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Laxative adverse effects |
-patient will become impacted if not taking w/ enough water Biggest concerns: dependency & overuse -pts should never take if having nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or ABDOMINAL PAIN (can cause rupture) |
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Glycerin |
-hyperosmotic rectal suppository laxative Adverse effect: rectal irritation |
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Irritable bowel syndrome |
Chronic intestinal discomfort characterized by cramps,diarrhea and or constipation -avoid irritating foods -hyperactive nerve endings |
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Hycosamine (levbid,anaspaz,NuLev) |
Takes away cramps in irratable bowel syndrome |
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Dicyclomine (Bentyl) |
Used for constipation in IBS -Anticholinergic. Never use in cardiac and prostate patients |
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Lubiprotostone (Amitiza) Linaclotide (linzess) -black box warning don't use in children |
Only use if pt main complaint is constipation , opioid induced |
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Scopaolamine (transderm) patch |
Anticholinergic anti emetic drug -1 patch goes behind ear, used for 3 days then replace, prevents nausea -best used for patients going on cruises |
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Diphenhydrainate( Dramamine) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Meclizine (Antivert) -Patient may start to throw up, needs prescription because its strong
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-used to prevent dizziness and nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and car sickness Stops inner ear from being stimulated -side effects: drowsiness Antihistamine blockers |
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Metoclopramide (REGLAN) |
Prokinetic Treats GERD, delayed gastric emptying -stimulates things to empty out stomach contents ONLY USED FOR SHORT TERM, NOT LONG TERM. NO MORE THAN 3MONTHS. LONG TERM USE CAUSES IRREVEESIBLE TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (FUNNY WALKING) |
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Ondansetron (Zofran) |
Used post op for patients receiving chemotherapy , and post-op nausea and vomiting -can be given by iv push -normally given 30-60 min before chemo begins -antiemetic (prevents nausea before chemo) |
