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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 functions of the colon?
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1.Water and electrolyte balance
2.Storage of intraluminal contents until elimination is convenient 3.Nutrient salvage from bacterial metabolism of carbs that are not absorbed in the small intestine |
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The colon absorbs all but how many ml of fluid? How many mEq of sodium and chloride?
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1.100ml fluid
2.1mEq of sodium and chloride |
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How much chyme does the colon recieve over a period of 24 hours?
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1500ml
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What is the average mouth to cecum transit time?
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6 hours
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What is the regional transit time through the right, left, and sigmoid colon?
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12 hours each
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What is the total colonic transit time?
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36 hours
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Which part of the colon does the following refer to?
-Reservoir that mixes and stores contents and absorbs fluid and electrolytes. |
Right colon
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Which part of the colon is primarily a conduit?
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Left colon
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What type of contractions propel colonic contents over long distances?
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Propagated phasic contractions
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What type of contractions occur about 6 times daily, are responsible for mass movement of colonic contents, and frequently precede defecation.
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High-amplitude contractions
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What type of contractions do stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl (Dulcolax) and glycerol induce?
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High-Amplitude propagated contractions
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What is induced by gastric distention and chemical stimulation by nutrients?
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Gastrocolic reflex
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What is acute colonic pseudo-obstruction also known as?
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Ogilvie's syndrome
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What does stimulation of alpha2 adrenergic receptors cause?
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Decreases the release of ACh from excitatory cholinergic terminals in the myenteric plexus, thereby inhibiting GI motility.
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What does reduced tonic sympathetic inhibition do?
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Impairs net absorption of water and electrolytes and accelerates transit in patients who have diabetic neuropathy with diarrhea.
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What type of nerve pathway mediates peristalsis?
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Intrinsic Nerve Pathway
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What type of nerve pathway mediates inhibitory reflexes?
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Extrinsic Nerve Pathway
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What are the 2 serotoninergic 5-HT4 receptor agonists?
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Cisapride and tegaserod
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What is the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist?
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Alosetron
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What does stimulation of serotoninergic 5-HT4 receptors do?
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Proximal excitation coordinated with distal inhibition.
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What is the typical daily fluid load?
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9L
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Of the 9L of daily fluid load, how much is oral intake? How much is endogenous intestinal secretions?
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1.5L oral intake
7L endogenous intestinal secretions |
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Where is most of the fluid in the abdomen absorbed?
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Small Intestine
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How much fluid reaches the colon each day?
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1.5-2L
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How much fluid does the colon allow to be excreted in the stool?
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100 ml
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What osmotically active substance can lead to diarrhea?
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Magnesium Sulfate
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What is the formula for stool osmolality?
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SOsm=2(Na+ + K+)
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What does an osmolar gap of >50 mOsm/kg suggest?
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Presence of a nonabsorbable solute causing diarrhea
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What does an osmolar gap of <50 mOsm/kg suggest?
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Presence of a secretory stimulant
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