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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when did plant cultivation begin?
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c. 11,000 years ago in the Middle East
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what were the domesticated food crops?
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wheat, barley, lentils, peas
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what is botany?
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study of plants
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what is agriculture?
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growing plants and raising animals for human use
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people reproduced individual plants that had __________
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valuable characteristics (large or tasteful)
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cultivar - contraction of the 2 terms:
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cultivated, variety
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who selects cultivar?
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humans
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what is plant cultivation?
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plants that have at least one distinguishing characteristic that sets them apart from other members of their species
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what are food crops classified by?
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their use and their taxonomic classification
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what is cereal?
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grasses that contain grain; made of corn, wheat, & rice
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what are grains?
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edible, dry fruits of cereal
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what are examples of cereal crops?
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rice, wheat, corn, oats, sorghum, rye, millet
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what % of calories in the human diet are in cereal?
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50
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where is wheat grown?
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parts of US, Canada, Russia
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who is the leading producer of corn?
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USA
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in what areas do rice thrive?
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areas with warm temperatures
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what are root crops?
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roots or underground stems that are rich in carbohydrates
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what are examples of root crops?
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beets, carrots, radishes, rutabagas, turnips, sweet potatoes
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Root crops _______ for cereals in providing the major part of the diet
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subsitute
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Root crops: low or high usually in amino acids?
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low
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what are tubers?
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modified underground stems
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what are legumes?
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members of the pea family and bear seeds in pods (soybeans)
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what is the most important legume?
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the soybean
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why is the soybean so important?
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it is produced in the largest amount and has many important uses
- they improve the nitrogen content of the soil |
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what is a fruit?
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the part of a flowering plant that usually contains seeds
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what is a vegetable?
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food derived from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of nonwoody plants
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____ and ______ are excellent sources of many important vitamins and minerals
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fruits, vegetables
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what is a nut?
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dry, hard fruit that does not split open to release its seed
- high in protein |
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what are examples of nuts?
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almonds, walnuts, pecans, hazelnuts
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what are spices?
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plants that are tropical and come from plant parts
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spices and herbs are used to ______
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add taste to food
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herbs come from where? and grown where?
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leaves, gardens
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soybeans are used in?
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milk, oil, sauce, and tofu
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_____ and ____ can be used in salads and as feed for livestock
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alfalfa, clover
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what are examples of fruit?
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tomatoes, squash, green beans
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what is ginger?
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spices that come from plant parts other than leaves
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what is parsley?
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herbs that come from leaves
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flavorings would include....
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chocolate and coconut
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______ is essential to keep populations from starving
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food production
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factors that increase food production:
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fertilizers and pesticides
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what does fertilizers do?
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supply plants with essential like nitrogen and phosphorous
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what are pesticides?
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chemicals that kill organisms that kill crops
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as land is cultivated to produce an adequate food supply, the health of the environment is compromised by....
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soil erosion, depleted water supplies, and pollution
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plants provide medicine?
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yep
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what does digitalis do?
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regulates heartbeat
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aspirin, morphine, and anti-cancer drugs are examples of...
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medicine that comes from plants
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all medicines must be approved by the FDA?
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yep
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cotton is used to make?
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linen and comes from the flax plant
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what is rayon?
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an artificial fabric that is made from wood fibers
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where does leather come from?
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animal hides
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what is tannin?
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chemical that is used to treat hid and comes from a tree
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most of today's dye used in clothing comes from ____.
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coal
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fuels we use for heat, and machine fuel comes from the fossil fuels of....
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coal, oil, and natural gas
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what are fossil fuels?
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the remains of organisms from the past
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what is gasohol?
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a fuel that is made from fermented alcohol
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how do ornamental plants improve the human environment?
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they provide shade, minimize soil erosion, reduce noise, and lower home energy costs
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California redwoods are
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tourist attractions
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what is plant ecology?
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the study of the interactions between plants and the environment
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plants play a major role in recycling the Earth's ......
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water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inorganic nutrients
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plants absorb....
and produce... and release ... |
carbon dioxide from air
sugar and starch oxygen |
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plants provide animals with _____ & ______ nutrients.
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inorganic and organic
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plants provide food to animals that...
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protect them (mutualism, endosymbiosis), or carry their pollen
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plants interact with fungus and bacteria could be harmful to plants causing disease?
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yep
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some bacteria can take nitrogen gas from the air and convert it into a from that plants can use (fix nitrogen, makes it usuable)
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yep
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people have affected wild plant populations negatively by...
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introducing foreign species of plants, animals, and disease organisms
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what are weeds?
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undesirable plants
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many deaths are caused by addictive plant products such as ....
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drugs, alcohol, and tobacco
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