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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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imitation |
washoe imitated spontaneously but it was not until the 16th month of work that the gardners had any control of the gestures |
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babbling |
gardners encouraged washoe to babble by clapping, smiling and repeating especially when her sign resembled asl |
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conditioning |
gardners shaped a response which she could use for more ticling. Washoe formed an association with this sign with the result of being tickled |
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at the end of 22 months how many signs did washoe know |
30 |
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words that met gardner and gardners criteria |
come, more, sweet, open, go, toothbrush, drink, sorry, please, you, baby, food |
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words that were judged to be stable but has not met the criteria |
dog smell me and clean |
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example of specific ways washoe used words |
more when asking to continue an activity, drink when asking for water was combined with sweet when wanting pop |
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washoes language acquisition resembled the ones in human children in what three ways |
differentiating, transfer and combining |
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differentiating |
washoe initially used flower to indicate different smells, she then learnt a new sign for smell using shaping and prompting |
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transfer |
washoe can apply the word flower to different kinds and use dog when she sees a dog and hears one barking |
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combining signs |
when washoe has about 8 signs she started combining. most famously she signed baby in my drink when a doll was in her cup |
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conclusions |
gardners wary of saying she had gained language but washoes signs did not remain specific to original context so can suggest she has learnt study showed chimps can learn more than a few words |
