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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mecamylamine
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-A ganglionic blocker
Used in: hypertensive crisis, controlled hypotension in surgery (to decrease blood flow), hyperreflexia in spinal injuries, tourettes, cocaine/nicotine withdrawal |
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Neuromuscular blockers
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-ligand gated ion channel
-nicotinic receptor 5 subunits -muscle a2, b, gamma, delta -neural a3b2 -2 molecules ACh must bind |
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Succinylcholine
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-Depolarizing blocker, agonists
-Rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases -Onset: 1-1.5 mins, duration 5-8 mins |
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Mechanism of Succinylcholine
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1) Briefly activates receptor: muscle fasciculations, bradycardia then tachycardia
2) Desensitizes motor endplate paralysis Uses: Surgery, intubations, fractures, electroshock (to relax during shock), convulsive disorders |
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Side Effects if Succinylcholine
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-Histamine release on rapid infusion (hypotension, bronchospasm)
-K+ release (avoid with tissue damage) -abnormal enzyme for metabolism -malignant hyperthermia (heat generated from contraction of muscle due to large release of Ca++), can be treated with dantrolene sodium and ice -infants less sensitive |
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D-tubocurarine
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-Non-depolarizing antagonist
-Chondrodendron bark, alkaloid -South American arrow poison -Does not cross GI or BBB -NO anesthetic properties -4 to 6 minute onset, 80-120 min duration -Progressive paralysis: fingers, toes, facial muscles, eyes, then limbs, neck trunk, then intercostal muscles, then diaphragm |
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Uses for D-tubocurarine
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Surgery, electroconvulsive shock, muscle spasms
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Side effects of D-tubocurarine
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histamine release, newborns are extremely sensitive, interacts with anesthetic gases, aminoglycosides, hypokalemia, local anesthetics
-Antidote Physostigmine |
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Pancuronium
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-Steroid nucleus
-No histamine release, medium ganglionic blocking effects -5 to 10 times more potent than curare |
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Doxacurium
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-Benzylisoquinolinium derivative
-2 to 3 times more potent than pancuronium.. MOST potent -Low histamine and ganglion effects |
