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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryonic Period
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Fertilization to 8 weeks
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Fetal period
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8 weeks after fertilization to birth
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Granulosa cells
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Cells that surround the oocyte release glycoproteins that form the zona pellucida.
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Antrum
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The space that develops in the granulosa cells as the follicle continues to develop.
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Zona Pellucida
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A jelly like glycoprotein coat around the oocyte, secreted by the granulosa cells.
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Mature Follicle
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Oocyte development
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Arrested in first meiosis prior to birth and only
complete 1st meiosis as they progress towards ovulation (after puberty). |
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Oocyte second meiotic division
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Commences only during ovulation to generate haploid cell.
Second meiosis only completes upon fertilization. |
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Polar body development
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Complete meiotic development of an oocyte results in 3 nonviable polar bodies;
All 4 cells have all chromosomes 22+X chromosome In general, only one oocyte released per ovulation cycle. |
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Sperm cell development
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Spermatogonium cells undergo the two standard meiotic divisions to produce 4 viable spermatids, which later mature into spermatozoa
2 with 22+X chromosomes 2 with 22+Y chromosomes |
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Seminiferous tubule
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Site of sperm development.
Organized with precursor cells on the outside, with more differentiated cells closer to the lumen. |
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Chromosome abnormalities
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Due to abnormal meiotic division; either too few or many chromosomes
Most commonly observed are trisomies; 3 copies of a chromosome Loss of a chromosome (other than sex) is invariably lethal |
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Trisomy 21
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Down's syndrome
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Turner Syndrome
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Female inherits only one X chromosome
Short stature, webbed neck, reduction in secondary female characteristics, ovaries do not develop normally leading to sterility. |
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Klinefelter syndrome
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Males with extra X chromosome (XXY)
No major medical problems, though they may posses some feminine characteristics (higher voice, breast enlargement, reduced body hair). Thought to be significantly under-diagnosed. |
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Male infertility
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Absence or reduction of sperm count
Defective sperm Blockage of seminiferous tubules |
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Female infertility
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Failure of oocyte maturation/release
Blockage of egg transport in fallopian tubes. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) often results in increased male hormones, inhibiting oocyte maturation/release. |
