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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how does inhibition take place through GABA?
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it works on a Cl- receptor causing an Cl- ions, causing a hyperpolarisation and there by inhibition of a neuron
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how can GABA be a stimulating neuropeptide aswell?
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when Cl- levels are too high inside the cell opening of the GABA channel causes a depolarisation.
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when are Cl- levels high inside the cell, and why?
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in the developing brain, because there is no KCC2 co-transporter present.
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what does the KCC2 co transporter do?
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it transports Cl- out of the cell, driven by K+ co transport
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why do Cl- levels need to be high in the developing brain?
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high Cl- levels, causing depolarisation effect VOCC's, stimulating gen expression.
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what does GABA standfor?
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Gamma aminobutyric acid
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what is the glycine receptor?
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a Cl- channel, aswell as an obligatory part of the NMDA receptor (co-agonist).
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what is the NMDA receptor?
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a Na+ channel, sensitive for glutamate and glycine (obligatory co agonist)
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what needs to be done to control Gly-R activation?
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transport of glycine AWAY from the receptor, because a small amount is enough for activation (10-100micromolar)
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where are the two glycine transporters found?
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the strong transporter, around the Gly-R, and the weaker transporter around the NMDA-R's
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what is an extra function of the weak glycine transporter?
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it can be reversed, there by regulating the amount of sensitive NMDA receptors.
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how are the weak glycine transporters regulated?
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they are regulated by ligand gated AMPA receptors, activated by glutamate.
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what drives the glycine transporter?
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the sodium (Na+) gradient. when it raises too high (by activation of AMPA-R's) the transport reverses, along with the gradient.
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what happens when glycine isn't broken down?
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it causes severe motor and respiratory deficits, aswell as retardation
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what does AMPA (receptor) stand for, and what is the function?
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alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazoleproprionic acid receptor, being a ionotropic glutamate receptor (Na+ (out) flow)
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what does NMDA (receptor) stand for?
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N-methyl D-asparate receptor, being also an ionotropic glutamate receptor (Ca2+ (in)flux )
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what is the newest found receptor?
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the NR1/NR3, stimulatory glutamate (glycine) receptor.
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