Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Borders of Thoracic Cavity
|
Posterior = thoracic vertebrae and IV discs (12)
Anterior = sternum Lateral and Interior = ribs |
|
|
True Ribs
|
- ribs 1-7
- articulate with sternum via condyl cartilage - |
|
|
False Ribs
|
-ribs 8-10
-condyl cartilages fuse together and join w/ 7th rib to articulate to inferior aspect of body of sternum |
|
|
Floating Ribs
|
- ribs 11 and 12
-no cartilages connecting them to sternum but do have cartilaginous ends -float freely in lateral aspects of anterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Atypical Ribs
|
-ribs 1, 2, 11, and 12
-1st rib is shorter and broader than other ribs and fuses to sternum via cartilaginous joint, most sharply curved of the 7 true ribs -ribs 11 and 12 don't articulate w/ sternum, short and have no necks or tubercles -2nd rib is thinner, less curved, and much longer than 1st rib, has 2 facets on its head for articulation with bodies of T1 and T2 vertebrae |
|
|
What thoracic vertebrae is the manubrium located opposite?
|
3rd and 4th
|
|
|
What thoracic vertebrae is the sternum located opposite to?
|
5th - 9th
|
|
|
What thoracic vertebra is the xiphoid process located opposite to?
|
T10
|
|
|
Parts of the sternum
|
Manubrium
Body Xiphoid Process |
|
|
Which of the following muscles is not an accessory muscle for respiration:
pectoralias major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, scalene muscles |
Latissimus dorsi
|
|
|
What is the angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?
|
Sternal Angle/ Sternal Angle of Louis
|
|
|
Superior Aperture of Thorax
|
-provides a space for traches, esophagus, vagus nerve, and great vessels to pass into thorax
-6.2 cm in anterior-posterior direction and 11 cm across |
|
|
Boundaries of Superior Aperture of Thorax
|
-1st thoracic vertebra
-first two ribs -superior border of manubrium |
|
|
Inferior Aperture of Thorax
|
-larger than anterior aperture
-IVC, abdominal aorta, nerves, and lymphatics pass through here |
|
|
Boundaries of Inferior Aperture of Thorax
|
-inferior borders of 11th and 12th ribs
-costal cartilages anteriorly -xiphoid process |
|
|
Parts of a Typical Rib (3-9)
|
-Head - w/ 2 facets that articulate to thoracic vertebrae
-Neck - connects head to body -Tubercle - between connection of ribs head to body, provides for articulation w/ transverse process of thoracic vertebrae, rough area is for costal transverse ligament which holds that joint in place -Angle - weakest part of rib -Costal Groove - contains and protects intercostal VAN |
|
|
Costal Transverse Ligament
|
-attaches to rough part of tubercle on rib
-holds joint of rib to transverse process in place |
|
|
Costal Groove
|
-on inferior part of rib
-contains and protect intercostal vein, artery, and nerve |
|
|
Jugular Notch
|
-located at most superior aspect of manubrium
|
|
|
What all does the first rib fuse with?
|
1. Clavicle (synovial joint)
2. Body of Sternum (cartilaginous joint) |
|
|
What kind of joints are the articulations of costal cartilages to the sternum?
|
synovial joints
|
|
|
What kind of joint is formed by the articulation of xiphoid process to sternum?
|
cartilaginous
|
|
|
What kind of joint is the attachment of the tubercle of the rib to the transverse process?
|
synovial joint
|
|
|
What kind of joint is the attachment of the rib to the body of the vertebra?
|
synovial joint
|
|
|
What is the major muscle of respiration?
|
Diaphragm
|
|
|
Phrenic Nerve
|
-originates for C3-C5 (mainly C4 and C5)
-descends through neck, in thoracic cavity descends along lateral aspect of paricardial sac -terminates on either side by ending in diaphragm -innervates diaphragm |
|
|
External Intercostal Muscles
|
-run from the rib above it anteriorly and inferiorly to attach to the rib below it
-when contracted, elevate ribs |
|
|
Internal Intercostal Muscles
|
-deep to external intercostals
-depress ribs |
|
|
Innermost Intercostal Muscles
|
-deepest of the intercostal muscles
|
|
|
Intercostal Nerve
|
-primary ramus which extends laterally, all the way anteriorly
-innervates wall -runs between Internal Intercostal muscles and innermost intercostals in a groove along w/ the artery and vein |
|
|
Subcostal Muscles
|
-attach from a superior rib inferiorly and cross one or two intercostal spaces
-variable |
|
|
Indothoracal Fascia
|
-lines all muscles of the thorax
-separates the muscles from the pleura of the lungs |
|
|
Transversus Thoracis Muscle
|
-antiorly beneath the sternum
-runs from inferior aspect of sternum superior and laterally crosses several intercostal spaces and attaches to 2nd through 6th ribs or costal cartilages |
|
|
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
|
-lungs become fibrotic
-patients have to use a lot of accessory muscles to breathe -scalene muscles often well developed |
|
|
What innervates teh muscles of the thoracic wall?
|
-ventral ramus (intercostal nerve)
-passes posteriorly, laterally, then anteriorly -gives off a lateral and anterior cutaneous branch |
|
|
Thoracic Aorta
|
-gived off right and left intercostals
|
|
|
Internal Thoracic Artery
|
-comes off subclavian
-descends down along the anterior part of thoracic cage posterior to the sternum, continues down sternum, down to the diaphragm where it changes names to MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY -frequently used in bypass surgery -gives off two branches that are anterior intercostals, one medially and one laterally |
|
|
Coarctation of Aorta
|
-congenital condition
-aorta is constricted -blood coming out of heart is not able to pass inferiorly -to compensate, intercostal arteries and internal thoracic take over and become enlarged so blood can reach descending aorta |
|
|
Azygos Vein
|
-formed by joining of the right intercostal veins
-drains into SVC |
|
|
Right Superior Intercostal Vein
|
-formed by joining of 2nd through 4th intercostal veins
-drains into SVC |
|
|
Hemiazygos Vein
|
-on the left side
-formed by lower intercostal veins, segmental veins off of aorta and one from the renal vein -crosses 8th thoracic vertebral level at midline to fuse with Azygos Vein |
|
|
Accessory Azygos Vein
|
-above the level where Hemiazygos splits to join w/ Azygos
|
|
|
Left Superior Intercostal Vein
|
-drains into left brachiocephalic
|
|
|
Visceral Pleura
|
-pleura that surrounds the lung itself
|
|
|
Parietal Pleura
|
-lines the cavity
-4 parts: costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical |
|
|
Left and Right Costodiaphragmatic Recess
|
-during normal breathing the lung does not expand/extend down to fill the entire pleural space
-this is the space that is extra -can do a thoracocentisis here |
|
|
Where would you do a thoracocentesis?
|
-costodiaphragmatic recess
-put needle in posteriorly and laterally into 6th, 7th, or 8th intercostal space and aspirate fluid |
|
|
Horner Syndrome
|
-compression of cervical chain ganglia
-results in classic triad of signs 1. constricted pupil 2. partial ptosis (droopy eyelid) 3. anhydrosis (loss of hemifacial sweating) |
|
|
Pleural Effusion
|
-absence of breath sounds
-build up of serous fluid between pleura |
|
|
Pneumothorax
|
-air in the thorax
-primarily iatrogenic in nature -can collapse a lung if you put in a central line wrong and puncture space bt parietal and visceral pleur and introduce air into this potential space |
|
|
Pleuracy
|
-infection between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura
-very painful - |
|
|
Hemothorax
|
blood in potential space between pleura
|
