G-W1D1 (1&2&3-3), Intro To Microbiology And Infectious Disease

Front 1

-Taxinomy and Nomenclature

Back 1

-

Front 2

Microbial world includes? (4)

Back 2

1.Acellular organisms (viruses),
2.Unicellular organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotes/bacteria),
3.Unicellular organisms WITH a nucleus (eukaryotes/fungi and some parasites), 4.Multicellular organisms all have nuclei (eukaryotes/parasites)

Front 3

Eukaryotes comprises (4)

Back 3

1.Fungi (Yeasts, moulds and pneumocystic jiroveci),
2.Plants,
3.Parasites,
4.Animals

Front 4

Prokaryotes are _ organisms

Back 4

Single cell (1.No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, 2.Free-standing DNA, 3.Extra-chromosomal DNA [plasmid])

Front 5

Prokaryote morphology (4)

Back 5

1.Coccus (Spherical),
2.Bacillus (Rod shape),
3.Sphirochete (Cork-screw shape),
4.Vibrio (Comma)

Front 6

Clusters of cocci in grapes? Clusters of cocci in chains?

Back 6

Grapes: STAPHYLOCOCCI, chains: STREPTOCOCCI

Front 7

Helical Form of spirochete?

Back 7

Helicobacter Pylori

Front 8

Name 1 Vibrio

Back 8

Vibro Cholerae

Front 9

Eukaryotes are _ organisms

Back 9

Single cell OR multi-cell organisms (Have nucleus, mitochondria and membrane bound organelles)

Front 10

Guinea worm?

Back 10

Draculunculus Medinensis (Rod of Ascelpius)

Front 11

Reproduction in the microbial world: Prokaryotes

Back 11

Binary fission (asexual, no mitosis) -> CLONAL EXPANSION

Front 12

Reproduction in the microbial world: Viruses

Back 12

Fission (asexual, use host apparatus) -> CLONAL EXPANSION

Front 13

Reproduction in the microbial world: Eukaryotes

Back 13

1.Binary fission [Yeasts and some protozoa] -> CLONAL EXPANSION,
2.Sexual Reproduction (mitosis) -> not clonal

Front 14

What is Bacterial Sex/Bacterial conjugation?

Back 14

Usage of pillus for exchange of gentic material (i.e tranmists plasmid, Abx resistance, etc.) between 2 bacteria. THERE ARE NO DAUGHTER CELLS

Front 15

How do we name microbes?

Back 15

Genus + Species (Staph + aureus or Staph + epidermidis)

Front 16

2 ways to name viruses?

Back 16

1.Scientifically (family, subfamily, genus, species and/or genus name),
2.Colloquial name (influenza, measles, HIV, etc.)

Front 17

How do we name influenza?

Back 17

1.Virus type (A,B,C),
2.Geographic Location,
3.Strain number,
4.Year of Isolation,
5.Virus subtype (Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase; H#, N#)

Front 18

When is the human microbiome colonized?

Back 18

At birth (maternal vaginorectal and skin flora) - Colonization occurs in stage throughout infancy and based on environmental contact (Food, social interactions)

Front 19

1.1 Bacteriology - BASIC CONCEPT AND KEY DIVISIONS

Back 19

-

Front 20

2 key families of bacteria?

Back 20

1.Pathogen vs non-pathogen [vs opportunistic pathogen],
2.Aerobes vs anaerobes [vs facultative anaerobes]

Front 21

Most basic division which reflects and determines lab Identification, Clinical Tx and Virulence?

Back 21

GRAM'S STAIN (what color is the bacteria under the microscope?)

Front 22

What are the 4 ingredients of Gram's stain?

Back 22

1.CRYSTAL VIOLET (blue - purple),
2.Iodine fixator,
3.Acid and Alcohol or Acetone decolorization, 4.SAFRANIN (red)

Front 23

Bacterial cell wall synthesis

Back 23

Polymers of NAM and NAG with chains of amino acids are linked then bound together through penicillin-binding-proteins (penicillin interferes with the ability of penicillin binding protein to link a.a chains together)

Front 24

Gram positive bacteria have _ cell wall than the gram negative

Back 24

Thicker -> stains blue (blue doesn't decolorize even after the addition of Acid/alcohol or acetone decolorization)

Front 25

Gram positive: Color? Suffix?

Back 25

BOY: BLUE -> 1.Coccus, 2.Bacillus, 3Iium, 4.Onostoc, 5.Myces
[EXCEPTION: 1.Listeria, 2.Nocardia, 3.Gemella]

Front 26

Gram negative: Color? Suffix?

Back 26

GIRL: RED -> 1.Ella, 2.Eria, 3.Ichia, 4.Inia, 5.Encia [EXCEPTION:
1.PseudoMONAS, 2.AeroMONAS, 3.AcinetoBACTER, 4.EnteroBACTER, 5.CitroBACTER, 6.CampyloBACTER,
7.Bacteroides,
8.Haemophilus,
9.Vibrio,
10.Proteus]

Front 27

3 examples of bacteria without cell walls

Back 27

1.Mycoplasma (pneumoniae, hominis), 2.Chlamydia (trachomatis),
3.Chlamydophila (pneumonia, psittaci)

Front 28

1.2 Bacteriology - BACTERIAL VIRULENCE FACTORS

Back 28

-

Front 29

3 examples of bacterial physical defense barriers and adherence virulence factors?

Back 29

1.Capsule (i.e strep. coccus -> can't get opsonized by Abs),
2.Biofilms (staph epidermidis),
3.Fimbrae (E coli -> adhesion)

Front 30

Lipopolysaccharides are found on _ bacteria. What do they lead to (3)?

Back 30

Gram-NEGATIVE (endotoxin) -> Immune response -> 1.Cytokine Release, 2.Fever, 3.Shock

Front 31

Bacterial toxins -> Systemic effects

Back 31

Superantigens: Activate 10% of lymphocyte pool (directly bind MHCII on T cell) -> TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

Front 32

Bacterial toxins -> GI distress (4)

Back 32

1.Shiga & shiga-like toxin,
2.Toxins A & B (C. Difficile),
3.Cholera toxin,
4.Food poisoning (staph enterotoxin, CPE enterotoxin)

Front 33

Bacterial toxins -> Neurotoxins (3)

Back 33

1.Bolinum toxin -> (paralysis, C. Botulinum), 2.Tetanospasmin (teatnus, C Tetani),
3.Shigatoxin -> seizures

Front 34

Bacterial toxins -> Respiratory Distress (4)

Back 34

1.Diphteria toxin (URTI, Resp obstruction), 2.Pertussis toxin (Whooping cough, Insulin-induced hypoglycemia),
3.Botulinum toxin (Through paralytic effect), 4.Necrotizing pneumonia (Panton Valentin Leukocidin, S. aureus)

Front 35

Bacterial toxins -> Tissue changes (5)

Back 35

1.Alphatoxin (Gas gangrene, C perfrigens), 2.Anthrax toxin (Edema factor, B anthracis), 3.Exfoliatin (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, S. aureus),
4.Panton Valentin Leukocidin (leukocytes and epithelial cell lysis; Community MRSA),
5.Pyogenic exotoxin (superantigen, necrotizing fascilitis)

Front 36

Bcaterial Toxins -> Renal failure (3)

Back 36

1.Shiga toxin,
2.Verotoxin (hemolytic uremic syndrome),
3.E Coli O157 H7 (enterohemorrhagic E coli)

Front 37

Listeriolysin O causes?

Back 37

Lysis of phagosomes -> allows the bacterium to replicate intracellularly (evade the immune system)